The invention provides use of epalrestat in preparation of pancreatic cancer drugs. The pancreatic cancer drugs are used for inhibiting secretion of exosomes from pancreatic cancer cells. The invention also provides a method for verifying the inhibition effect of epalrestat on secretion of exosomes from pancreatic cancer cells. The method includes steps of: extracting cell supernatant exosomes by using a low-temperature ultracentrifugation method; lysing the collected exosomes, then using a BCA kit to quantify the resulting exosomal protein, and using the measured amount of the protein to reflect the amount of the exosomes; using a transmission electron microscope to verify a double-layer lipid membrane wrapped cup-shaped structure of the exosomes; and detecting exosome protein concentration by protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Coomassie brilliant blue. The invention provides a novel use of epalrestat, namely the inhibition of exosome secretion. The epalrestat has great application potential in clinical tumor treatment.

The present invention relates to the use of a fibrinogen capture agent or a fibrinogen detection agent in an assay to detect a Ciz1 b-variant.

A method of isolating target extracellular vesicles, EVs or target viruses from a biofluid comprising a plurality of target EVs and target viruses and non-target EVs and non-target viruses, comprising: introducing a plurality of EV or viral capture microparticles to the biofluid to obtain a precursor mixture, wherein the plurality of EV or viral capture microparticles are functionalised, via a plurality of first linkers, with EV or viral-specific binding agents specific to an EV or first viral surface marker, such that a plurality of bound microparticle-EV and bound viral-microparticle assemblies is formed in the precursor mixture; extracting the bound microparticle-EV/microparticle-viral assemblies; introducing a plurality of target or viral capture nanoparticles, wherein the plurality of target or viral capture nanoparticles are functionalised with target or viral-specific binding agents receptive to surface markers comprised on the target EVs or a second viral surface marker, such that the target or viral capture nanoparticles bind to the plurality of target EVs or target viruses; cleaving the plurality of first linkers to dissociate at least the plurality of target EVs or target viruses from the EV or viral capture microparticles; after the cleaving, extracting the plurality of EV or viral capture microparticles and applying at least one of dielectrophoresis or centrifugation to extract the plurality of target or viral capture nanoparticles, such that the target EVs or viruses are separated from the non-target EVs or non-target viruses.

The invention relates to isolation of adipocyte-derived exosomes from a biological sample, as well as methods, compositions and kits for detecting an obesity-related disorder, for detecting risk of having an obesity-related disorder, for screening or identifying a therapy for an obesity-related disorder, for screening or identifying a therapeutic agent for an obesity-related disorder, and for treating or preventing an obesity-related disorder.

The present disclosure in one aspect provides technologies for detection of ovarian cancer, e.g., early detection of ovarian cancer. In another aspect, technologies provided herein are useful for selecting and/or monitoring and/or evaluating efficacy of, a treatment administered to a subject determined to have or susceptible to ovarian cancer. In some embodiments, technologies provided herein are useful for development of companion diagnostics, e.g., by measuring tumor burdens and changes in tumor burdens in conjunction with therapeutics. In some embodiments, technologies provided herein are useful for development of companion diagnostics, e.g., by identifying biomarkers in woman’s blood samples that are associated with therapeutic response.

Methods for quantifying an amount of exosomes in subject derived biological fluid and comparing to a control provides for a method of identifying a medical condition. Removing an amount of the exosomes by adsorption and binding of the exosomes to an absorbent material, and administering the reconstituted biological fluid comprising a reduced amount of exosomes back to the subject also provides for a method of treating the identified medical condition.

A method of manipulating and/or investigating cellular bodies (9) is provided. The method comprises the steps of: providing a sample holder (3) comprising a holding space (5) for holding a fluid medium (11); providing a sample (7) comprising one or more cellular bodies (9) in a fluid medium (11) in the holding space (5); generating an acoustic wave in the holding space exerting a force (F) on the sample (7) in the holding space (5). The method further comprises providing the holding space (5) with a functionalised wall surface portion (17) to be contacted by the sample (7) and the sample (7) is in contact with the functionalised wall surface portion (17) during at least part of the step of application of the acoustic wave. A system and a sample holder (3) are also provided.

The present invention relates to a novel exosome comprising glucosamine, glucosamine derivatives, or salts thereof. The exosome provided by the present invention has an excellent anti-inflammatory effect, and thus can effectively prevent, ameliorate, or treat various inflammatory diseases. The exosome also has an excellent effect of treating intestinal diseases, improving the skin, treating wounds, or treating hair loss.

The present invention relates to microvesicles derived from natural tumor cells and tumor cells produced in vitro under a stress stimulus, such as radiation, which can be used in an effective manner as a therapeutic vaccine for cancer. The invention also relates to a therapeutic vaccine formulation containing the microvesicles, processes for the preparation and medical use thereof as a therapeutic vaccine to stimulate the antitumor immune system and treat cancer.

The invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide based on the minimum region of the Orthoreovirus muNS protein that can form inclusions in the endoplasmic reticulum, and to said polypeptide. The invention also relates to a purification method and a method for detecting interaction between two polypeptides based on the capacity of some regions of the Orthoreovirus muNS protein to incorporate themselves into the inclusions, together with a peptide of interest.