This disclosure relates to methods for determining membrane potential across membranes of organelles and cells. More particularly, this disclosure relates to nucleic add complexes comprising a voltage-sensing fluorophore conjugated to one single-stranded nucleic acid molecule and methods for using such nucleic acid complexes in determining the membrane potential.

Methods for producing engineered exosomes and other vesicle-like biological targets, including allowing a target vesicle-like structure to react and bind with immunomagnetic particles; capturing the immunomagnetic particle/vesicle complex by applying a magnetic field; further engineering the captured vesicles by surface modifying with additional active moieties or internally loading with active agents; and releasing the engineered vesicle-like structures, such as by photolytically cleaving a linkage between the particle and engineered vesicle-like structures, thereby releasing intact vesicle-like structures which can act as delivery vehicles for therapeutic treatments.

In some aspects, provided herein are methods of identifying interactions of a compound and a condensate, or a component thereof, and uses thereof. In other aspects, provided herein are methods of identifying (or screening for or designing) compounds, or portions thereof, having a desired interaction with a condensate, or a component thereof. In yet other aspects, provided herein are applications of the methods described herein, e.g., libraries of compounds having known or predicted characteristics, and methods of identifying compounds useful for treatment of a disease.

The invention provides a carrier and a method for obtaining, removing, or detecting extracellular membrane vesicle or virus present in a sample. In particular, the invention provides (a) a carrier (a Tim carrier) on which a protein (a Tim protein), selected from a T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-4 (a Tim-4) protein, a Tim-3 protein, and a Tim-1 protein, is bound; (b) a method for obtaining the extracellular membrane vesicle or the virus in the sample; (c) a method for removing the extracellular membrane vesicle or the virus in the sample; (d) a method for detecting the extracellular membrane vesicle or the virus in the sample; (e) a kit for capturing the extracellular membrane vesicle or the virus, comprising the Tim carrier; and (f) a kit for capturing the extracellular membrane vesicle or the virus, comprising a reagent containing the Tim protein and a reagent containing the carrier.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.

Disclosed herein are methods of detecting complement activity in a biological sample. The disclosure also relates to methods for diagnosis or prognostic assessment of a complement-mediated disease in a subject and methods for monitoring response to treatment of a complement-mediated disease with a complement modulator in a subject.

The present invention relates a simple method for evaluating free eukaryotic cell nuclei for biomarkers of DNA damage and/or transcription factor activation, activity, or expression levels and/or epigenetic modifications to chromatin or chromatin-associated factors. The invention also teaches useful strategies for combining nuclear biomarkers into a matrix of endpoints that are capable of elucidating genotoxicants' primary mode of DNA-damaging activity. Kits for conducting methods according to the invention are also described.

The present invention is to provide a method of exosome analysis that can analyze exosome in a sample in a simple manner.

The method of exosome analysis of the present invention is a method of analyzing exosome in a sample, including: an addition step of adding a first antibody that specifically binds to a first antigen contained in the exosome and a second antibody that specifically binds to a second antigen contained in the exosome to the sample; a reaction step of causing the first antigen to be reacted with the first antibody and the second antigen to be reacted with the second antibody; and a detection step of detecting a reaction between the first antigen and the first antibody and a reaction between the second antigen and the second antibody.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.

A compound includes a nanomaterial carrier, a first linker having a first end connected to the nanomaterial carrier, a second linker having a second end connected to the nanomaterial carrier, a fluorescent entity connected to a second end of the first linker, and a biomolecule connected to a second end of the second linker. The biomolecule is configured to connect to a cluster of differentiation (CD) of an extracellular vesicle (EV). A method is also disclosed.