The present invention relates to a stationary phase for the purification of polyclonal anti-Giardia IgG and IgY antibodies, as well as a method for purifying polyclonal anti-Giardia IgG and IgY antibodies by affinity chromatography. The invention also relates to the polyclonal anti-Giardia IgG and IgY antibodies purified by affinity chromatography, which specifically bind to the antigenic proteins CWP1, alpha-giardin 7.3 and kinesin 3.

In an additional aspect, the invention relates to a method for diagnosing giardiasis by detection of Giardia in a specific sample, and a kit for diagnosing giardiasis in biological and environmental samples.

Novel compounds carrying ligands capable of binding to counter receptors on relevant target cells are disclosed. The compounds possess a number of advantageous features, rendering them very suitable for a wide range of applications, including use as detection systems, detection of relevant target cells as well as a number of other methods. In particular, novel MHC complexes comprising one or more MHC molecules are disclosed. The affinity and specificity of the MHC-peptide complexes are surprisingly high. The possibility of presenting to the target cells a plurality of MHC-peptide complexes makes the MHC complexes according to the present invention an extremely powerful tool e.g. in the field of therapy and diagnosis. The invention generally relates to the field of therapy, including therapeutic methods and therapeutic compositions. Also comprised by the present invention is the sample-mounted use of MHC complexes and MHC multimers.

Provided herein are Purine Compounds of Formula (I)

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Purine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing malaria comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Purine Compound.

The present invention relates to the identification of a set of prognostic and theranostic markers enabling to assess the tumor microenvironment (immunogenic or immunosuppressive) of solid tumors and predict the responsiveness or the non-responsiveness to immunotherapy of the affected patient.

The present invention relates to a vaccine V comprising (A) at least one isolated polypeptide strand P comprising or consisting of at least nine consecutive amino acid moieties of the repetitive organellar protein, putative of Plasmodium falciparum or the hypothetical protein PVNG_04523 of Plasmodium vivax or a polynucleotide strand encoding for such polypeptide; and (B) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Furthermore, the present invention refers to an antibody binding to the repetitive organellar protein,putative of Plasmodium falciparumor the hypothetical protein PVNG_04523 of Plasmodium vivax or a polynucleotide strand encoding therefor, to a method of generating such antibody and uses thereof.

Provided herein are Purine Compounds of Formula (I) ##STR00001## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Purine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing malaria comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Purine Compound.

Several microfluidic chips are used to significantly accelerate the time to identify and quantify microbes in a biological sample and test them for antibiotic resistance, particularly for urinary tract infections. A first microfluidic chip uses antibody or similar probes to identify and quantify any microbes present. The same or a similar chip uses antibody or similar probes to identify microbes with DNA or RNA known to indicate antibiotic resistance. Another microfluidic chip tests for antibiotic susceptibility of any microbes by growing them in very small wells in the presence of antibiotics, reducing the time required for such testing by as much as 95%. Another microfluidic chip runs traditional urinalysis or similar tests.

Assays used in conjunction with a thermal contrast reader are disclosed. In the assay, the test strip includes materials that can develop a thermal response if a target analyte is present in a sample. Linear flow assays include nanoparticles with high affinity binding to the analyte. Binding of the nanoparticles with an analyte in the sample is detected using thermal contrast. Analytes over a broad range of concentrations are detected in the linear flow assays. Methods of detecting target analytes and kits comprising lateral flow assays and thermal contrast reader are also disclosed.

The disclosed embodiments concern methods, devices, and systems for identifying candidate biomarkers useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and screening and/or as targets for the treatment of diseases and conditions in subjects, in particular autoimmune and infectious diseases. The identification of candidate biomarkers is predicated on identifying discriminating peptides present on a peptide array, which can distinguish samples from different subjects having different health conditions by the binding patterns of antibodies present in the samples.

The present disclosure relates to the field of medical technology, which provides methods and apparatuses for identifying red blood cells infected by plasmodium. The methods may include: obtaining a forward-scattered light signal, a side-scattered light signal and an optional fluorescence signal from cells in a blood sample; obtaining a first two-dimensional scattergram according to the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal, or obtaining a three-dimensional scattergram according to the forward-scattered light signal, the side-scattered light signal and the fluorescence signal; and identifying cells located in a predetermined area of the first two-dimensional scattergram or the three-dimensional scattergram as the red blood cells infected by plasmodium. The apparatuses perform the methods. The methods and apparatuses can have better identification accuracy.