The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

DRG2 of the present invention is a predictor of a therapeutic response or prognosis of a cancer patient with respect to an agent for cancer immunotherapy in PD-L1 positive cancer and is a biomarker that can be used in companion diagnosis for determination of the administration of an agent for cancer immunotherapy in PD-L1 positive cancer. By determining whether to administer an agent for cancer immunotherapy through the present invention, the agent for cancer immunotherapy can be selectively administered to a patient who will show a therapeutic response, and thus is expected to treat PD-L1 positive cancer more effectively.

The disclosure relates to a method for separating circulating free nucleic acid (e.g., circulating free DNA, cfDNA) from capillary blood sample (e.g., capillary blood plasma) and methods of determining and/or assessing the risk of cancer in a subject.

The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising a NUPR1 isoform A inhibitor as an active ingredient, a composition for diagnosing or predicting prognosis of cancer comprising an agent for measuring an expression or activity level of a NUPR1 isoform A, a kit for diagnosing or predicting prognosis of cancer comprising the composition, a method for screening a substance for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation or metastasis, a method for providing information for cancer cell proliferation or metastasis, a food composition for preventing or improving cancer comprising a NUPR1 isoform A inhibitor as an active ingredient, and a feed composition for preventing or improving cancer comprising a NUPR1 isoform A inhibitor as an active ingredient.

Since a NUPR1 isoform A inhibitor according to the present disclosure has an anticancer effect, pharmaceutical compositions, food compositions, and feed compositions comprising the NUPR1 isoform A inhibitor may be usefully used for preventing, treating, or improving cancer. In addition, by measuring the expression or activity level of a NUPR1 isoform A, cancer diagnosis or prognosis may be predicted, substances for inhibiting cancer growth or metastasis may be screened, and information for cancer growth or metastasis may be provided to a subject.

Antibody molecules that bind to TRBC1 or TRBC2 are disclosed. Additionally disclosed are methods of detecting TRBC1 or TRBC2, methods of evaluating a subject or a disorder, and kits using the aforesaid antibody molecules.

Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.

The present invention relates to a method of determining if a patient is likely to respond to a treatment with a targeted therapy compound selected from protein kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and monoclonal antibody-based compounds. The present invention further relates to a method of identifying a targeted therapy compound selected from protein kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and monoclonal antibody-based compounds for personalized medicine. The present invention also relates to a method of treatment of cancer in a patient. The present invention also relates to a targeted therapy compound selected from protein kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and monoclonal antibody-based compounds for use in a method of treatment of cancer in a patient.

Provided are a B7H4-targeting antibody or a variant thereof, and a bispecific antibody containing the B7H4-targeting antibody, wherein the B7H4-targeting antibody comprises a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region. The variant has an amino acid mutation in the light chain variable region or heavy chain variable region of the antibody and can maintain the function of the antibody. The B7H4-targeting antibody has the activity of binding to human B7H4 and cynomolgus macaque B7H4, and does not cross-react with other B7 family members. The B7H4-targeting antibody exhibits good anti-tumor activity, T-cell activation activity and internalization activity in in-vivo and in-vitro experiments, and is more suitable for use as an ADC drug. Further provided is a bispecific antibody targeting B7H4 and CD3, which has a longer half-life, retains good stability and hydrophilicity, and reduces toxicity while ensuring efficacy.

Materials and methods for improving immunotherapy are provided herein. In some cases, the materials and methods can be used in the treatment of cancers.

The present invention is intended to identify a modulatory substance of the tumor immune microenvironment, and to provide a therapeutic utilization method of the modulatory substance. Specifically, the present invention relates to an inhibitor of the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TIME), wherein the inhibitor comprises, an active ingredient, a substance that suppresses or inhibits the function of an immunomodulator released from dead tumor cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to the aforementioned inhibitor comprising a substance that suppresses or inhibits the function of, for example, TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein).