It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Accordingly, these compounds can be used as modulators of TNF. A new assay for identifying compounds with this mechanism of action is also disclosed.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

Provided herein is synthesis of a novel acidic acid residue targeting sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable homobifunctional cross-linker. The novel mass spectrometry-cleavable cross-linking agents can be used in mass spectrometry to facilitate structural analysis of intra-protein interactions in proteins and inter-protein interactions in protein complexes. Also disclosed herein are data based on the novel MS-cleavable homobifunctional cross-linker that are complimentary to amine-reactive sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable reagents.

Disclosed are methods and systems for determining concentrations of a target molecule and a variant thereof in a sample. The sample can comprise or be suspected to comprise a target molecule and at least one variant thereof and is exposed to one or more recognition elements that bind to the target molecule and/or the at least one variant. A signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the target molecule and/or a signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the at least one variant to the one or more recognition elements. The concentration of the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof is determined based on the signals. The system can comprise a receiver adapted to receive a sample comprising or suspected to comprise a target molecule and the at least one variant thereof, the receiver comprising one or more recognition elements that bind to one or more epitopes in the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof.

The invention relates to a method for detecting aggregates of biotherapeutic substances in a sample, said method involving the following steps: a) applying the sample to be examined to a substrate; b) adding probes which are labeled for the detection and which mark the aggregates of biotherapeutic substances by specifically binding thereto; and c) detecting the labeled aggregates of the biotherapeutic substances wherein step a) can be carried out prior to step b). A kit for carrying out said method is also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions, and methods for identifying substrates of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The proteins, vectors, compositions, and may be utilized in methods for orthogonal ubiquitin transfer (OUT) between variant components of the ubiquitin cascade such as a variant ubiquitin (UB), a variant ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), a variant ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a variant ubiquitin ligase (E3), which may include a variant HECT type, U-box type, RBR type, and/or Ring type E3 ligase. The variant components of the ubiquitin cascade typically include one or more mutations relative to their wild-type counterparts, such as amino acid substitutions, such that the variant components interact specifically and orthogonally with each of their variant components and do not interact with the wild-type counterpart of their variant components.

This document provides methods and materials related to genetic variations of developmental disorders. For example, this document provides methods for using such genetic variations to assess susceptibility of developing Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The present invention provides a cell-based assay for identifying and/or quantifying anti-CD3 homodimers in a composition comprising a T cell-dependent Bispecific antibody (TDB). In some aspects, the invention T cells comprising a T cell activation responsive reporter are contacted with the TDB to detect the presence of anti-CD3 homodimers. Compositions of reporter T cells and kits are also contemplated.

The present application refers to photo-switchable chemical inducers of dimerization for control of protein interactions in cells by light. A compound, a test system, methods and uses are disclosed how the invention can be applied in the investigation of intracellular protein interactions. The system is composed of a compound of the general formula (I) as the photo-caged dimerizer, with the ability to covalently bind to HaloTag and a high affinity binding to eDHFR, respectively. The system can be activated and deactivated selectively on illumination with light under different irradiation conditions.