The invention provides antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine expressed by a cancer cell or an inflammatory cell. Also provided are compositions including these antibodies, as well as polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and methods useful for production thereof. Further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing cancer in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine, optionally in combination with another anti-cancer agent. Still further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disease in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine. Yet further provided are methods and kits for detecting the presence of cancer cells in an individual including an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine and/or N-acetyl-galactosamine.

A method for predicting efficacy of treatment of a lung cancer patient using an immune checkpoint inhibitor includes isolating exosomes from a biological sample derived from the lung cancer patient, and determining an expression level of a protein present in the exosomes by a mass spectrometry method, in which the protein is one or more proteins selected from the group of proteins shown in Table 1-1 to Table 1-6.

The present invention relates to an in vitro method for the prognosis of survival of a patient suffering from a solid cancer, comprising the quantification of the cell density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells present in a tumor tissue sample from said patient, wherein a high density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has a favorable prognosis, a high density of CD8+ cells and a low density of DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has a poor prognosis, and a low density of CD8+ cells and DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells indicates that the patient has the worst prognosis.

Methods for identifying and treating cancers that are homologous recombination (HR)-repair defective. In some aspects, HR defective cancers are treated with a PARP inhibitor therapy. Methods for sensitizing cancers to a PARP inhibitor therapy are also provided.

Applications of spermine or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative in preparation of an SAICAR synthetase activity interfering agent or inhibitor. Applications of spermine or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative in preparation of antitumor drug.

The invention discloses a method of treating, preventing or ameliorating tumor or symptoms resulting from defective neurofibromatosis type-2 gene in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibitor which inhibits or slows the growth of neurofibromatosis type-2-deficient tumor or associated symptoms. The invention also includes methods of diagnosis and screening of patients for neurofibromatosis type-2 and mesothelioma.

Methods for treating tumors by administering ionizing radiation and an immune modulator to a patient with cancer are disclosed. The methods provide the dual benefits of anti-tumor efficacy plus normal tissue protection when combining immune modulators with ionizing radiation to treat cancer patients. The methods described herein also allow for the classification of patients into groups for receiving optimized radiation treatment in combination with an immune modulator based on patient-specific biomarker signatures.

Provided are methods for screening a subject for cancer. The methods involve obtaining a blood sample from the subject and determining a level of Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) isoforms comprising exon 12a in the sample. Optionally, the method involves determining a level of 12a+/13− BIN isoform (comprising exon 12a but lacking exon 13) in the sample. An elevated level of 12a+ (e.g., 12a+/13−) BIN1 isoforms in the blood sample indicates the subject has cancer. Also provided are methods for determining efficacy of a cancer therapy in a subject and methods of treating cancer. Isolated antibodies that selectively bind human 12a+ BIN1 are also provided as well as kits for determining 12a+/13− BIN1 isoforms.

The present invention relates to predictors of a cancer patient's responsiveness to immunotherapy for cancer.

A medical diagnosis screens a biomarker for lung cancer detection by utilizing serum metabonomics. The medical diagnosis includes a biomarker for differential diagnosis between patients with lung cancer and healthy people, and between patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary nodules, and a biomarker for differential diagnosis between patients with lung cancer and healthy people, and between patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary nodules according to gender differences between a man and a woman. The biomarker is of great significance especially in the differential diagnosis of whether a patient with nodules in the lung has lung cancer.