The present invention relates to antibodies that bind to human and monkey mucin 17 (MUC17). Moreover, the invention relates to a detection system comprising such antibodies. The antibodies or the detection system may be used for detecting or quantifying MUC17, for diagnosing a disease associated with MUC17, for patient stratification, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the therapeutic response.

A method of processing a fecal sample from a human subject comprising removing a portion of a collected fecal sample and adding the removed portion of the sample to a buffer that prevents denaturation or degradation of blood proteins found in the sample, and detecting the presence of human blood in the removed portion of the fecal sample. The method further comprises stabilizing the remaining portion of the fecal sample.

The invention relates to biomarkers, and to novel biological markers for diagnosing cancer. In particular, the invention relates to the use of these compounds as diagnostic and prognostic markers in assays for detecting cancer, such as oesophagogastric cancer, and corresponding methods of detection. The invention also relates to methods of determining the efficacy of treating these diseases with a therapeutic agent. The assays are qualitative and/or quantitative, and are adaptable to large-scale screening and clinical trials.

Provided is an antibody or antigen binding fragment, capable of recognizing an antigen peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 (KNKKIYDGG); or recognizing an epitope comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 in Claudin 18.2; preferably recognizing a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 6 (KNKKIYDGGART); or recognizing an epitope comprising the SEQ ID NO: 6 in the Claudin 18.2.

Disclosed herein are humanized antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, and antibody conjugates, that are capable of specifically binding to certain biantennary Lewis antigens, which antigens are expressed in a variety of cancers. The presently disclosed antibodies are useful to target antigen-expressing cells for treatment or detection of disease, including various cancers. Also provided are polynucleotides, vectors, and host cells for producing the disclosed antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment and detection, and uses of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, antibody conjugates, and compositions are also provided.

A method of evaluating gastrointestinal cancer risk. The method comprises generating a set of features comprising a plurality of current blood test results from a blood collected from a target individual, providing at least one classifier generated according to an analysis of a plurality of respective historical blood test results of each of another of a plurality of sampled individuals, and evaluating, using a processor, a gastrointestinal cancer risk of the target individual by classifying the set of features using the at least one classifier.

The present invention relates to: a biomarker composition for diagnosing diffuse type gastric cancer, containing, as an active ingredient, a TINAGL1 protein or a gene encoding the protein; and a medical use thereof. More specifically, it is ascertained that: the secretion of TINAGL1 increases in cancer-associated fibroblasts separated from a diffuse type gastric cancer tissue; TINAGL1 improves metastasis and tumor formation of diffuse type gastric cancer by activating FAK signaling of cancer cells; the increase in TINAGL1 expression is related to the prognosis of a diffuse type gastric cancer patient. Therefore, TINAGL1 can be provided as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of diffuse type gastric cancer, and a TINAGL1 expression or activity inhibitor can be provided as an effective agent for treating diffuse type gastric cancer.

Provided herein are materials and methods for isolation of eukaryotic nucleic acid from a human or non-human animal stool sample. Also provided are methods of analysis of eukaryotic biomarkers present in a human or non-human animal stool sample.

Provided are methods for determining the health status of subject considered as a potential intestinal microflora donor, and to compositions including bacteria obtained from healthy subjects. Further provided are methods of identifying individuals of exceptional health suitable to be donors of bacteria of the intestinal microflora, and methods for producing reproducibly effective probiotic compositions, and probiotic compositions derived from such bacteria.

The present invention provides an application of a drug or a pharmaceutical composition in the treatment of cancers showing high expression of PIWI and/or an NMD complex protein, such as gastric cancer. When applied in the treatment of cancers showing high expression of PIWI and/or an NMD complex protein, such as gastric cancer, the drug or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention not only can effectively treat cancers, particularly gastric cancer, but also has higher specificity and will not cause harm to normal cells and body functions.