A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a ceramic body including a stack of dielectric layers and internal electrodes, and an external electrode electrically connected to each of the internal electrodes and provided at each of both end surfaces of the ceramic body. The external electrode includes a metal layer and a plating layer on the metal layer. In a cross section of the metal layer that is obtained by cutting the external electrode along a plane parallel to a side surface at a central position in a width direction, the metal layer includes a dielectric material at an area ratio of about 20% or more, and includes cavities at an area ratio of about 5% or more and about 20% or less, the cavities having an average diameter of about 0.5 μm or more and about 1.5 μm or less, and having a maximum diameter of about 5.0 μm or less.

A system is provided which includes a gas supply; a fluidic circuit which includes first and second sub-circuits, wherein said first sub-circuit includes a first one-way valve, and wherein said second sub-circuit includes a second one-way valve and a gas capacitor disposed downstream of said second one-way valve; and a pneumatically operated semiconductor tool in fluidic communication with said gas supply by way of said fluidic circuit.

A system is provided which includes a gas supply; a fluidic circuit which includes first and second sub-circuits, wherein said first sub-circuit includes a first one-way valve, and wherein said second sub-circuit includes a second one-way valve and a gas capacitor disposed downstream of said second one-way valve; and a pneumatically operated semiconductor tool in fluidic communication with said gas supply by way of said fluidic circuit.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of −55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of −55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of −55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of −55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

A capacitor comprises a housing and a first stack of parallel plates within the housing. A first plate and a second plate in the first stack are capacitively coupled. The capacitor comprises a second stack of parallel plates within the housing. A third plate and a fourth plate in the stack are capacitively coupled. The capacitor also comprises a first input electrode and a second input electrode. The capacitor also comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode on a side surface of the capacitor. The capacitor also comprises a dielectric material located between each plate in the first stack and the second stack. The first stack is not capacitively coupled with the second stack.

A modified NiTiTa dielectric material for multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) and a low-temperature preparation method thereof are provided. By using characteristics that radii of the Cu.sup.2+ ion and (Al.sub.1/2Nb.sub.1/2).sup.4+ ion are close to those of Ni and Ti elements, respectively, Cu.sup.2+, Al.sup.3+ and Nb.sup.5+ ions are introduced into a Ni.sub.0.5Ti.sub.0.5TaO.sub.4 matrix for partial substitution, a negative temperature coefficient of dielectric constant of 22030 ppm/ C. is provided while a sintering temperature is significantly reduced, and deterioration factors of loss caused by sintering aids is reduced, so that the dielectric material applied to radio frequency MLCC with low loss, low cost and good process stability is prepared.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of 55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.