A biaxially stretched polypropylene film for capacitors which has protrusions on both sides and has a thickness (t1[μm]) of 1 μm to 3 μm, wherein Formulae (1) to (4) are satisfied by an A-side as one film surface and a B-side as another film surface:
|Pa−Pb|≧200;  (1)
0.350≦Pa/SRzA≦0.700;  (2)
500 nm≦SRzA≦1,200 nm;  (3)
50 nm≦SRzB≦500 nm;  (4)
wherein, in Formulae (1) to (4), Pa is a number per 0.1 mm.sup.2 of protrusions on the A-side, Pb is a number per 0.1 mm.sup.2 of protrusions on the B-side, SRzA is a ten-point average roughness of the A-side, and SRzB is a ten-point average roughness of the B-side.

A biaxially stretched polypropylene film for capacitors which has protrusions on both sides and has a thickness (t1[μm]) of 1 μm to 3 μm, wherein Formulae (1) to (4) are satisfied by an A-side as one film surface and a B-side as another film surface:
|Pa−Pb|≧200;  (1)
0.350≦Pa/SRzA≦0.700;  (2)
500 nm≦SRzA≦1,200 nm;  (3)
50 nm≦SRzB≦500 nm;  (4)
wherein, in Formulae (1) to (4), Pa is a number per 0.1 mm.sup.2 of protrusions on the A-side, Pb is a number per 0.1 mm.sup.2 of protrusions on the B-side, SRzA is a ten-point average roughness of the A-side, and SRzB is a ten-point average roughness of the B-side.

A solid state electrical energy state storage device includes multiple dielectric layers or an integral heterogeneous dielectric layer. Layers or portions of the heterogeneous layer have permittivity augmented by exposing the dielectric material to electric/magnetic fields during formation of the dielectric before complete solidification. Such exposure results in radicals and/or an ordered matrix. A dielectric for the device may contain a new xylene based polymer formed under atmospheric conditions via reaction with monatomic oxygen and provided an augmented permittivity through exposure of the polymer to a magnetic field and/or an electric field during condensation and solidification on a substrate.

A solid state electrical energy state storage device includes multiple dielectric layers or an integral heterogeneous dielectric layer. Layers or portions of the heterogeneous layer have permittivity augmented by exposing the dielectric material to electric/magnetic fields during formation of the dielectric before complete solidification. Such exposure results in radicals and/or an ordered matrix. A dielectric for the device may contain a new xylene based polymer formed under atmospheric conditions via reaction with monatomic oxygen and provided an augmented permittivity through exposure of the polymer to a magnetic field and/or an electric field during condensation and solidification on a substrate.

The present invention is a film capacitor comprising a dielectric film and a metal layer, the dielectric film being a resin film obtained by stretching an unstretched film produced using a crystalline hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene ring-opening polymer, and heating the resulting stretched film, and the resin film having a softening point of 250 to 320° C., a thermal shrinkage ratio of 0.01 to 5.0% when heated at 200° C. for 10 minutes, a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0001 to 0.0010, and a coefficient of static friction of 0.01 to 1.00. The present invention provides a film capacitor that includes a resin film as a dielectric film, the resin film exhibiting excellent heat resistance, excellent withstand voltage properties, and excellent workability.

The present invention is a film capacitor comprising a dielectric film and a metal layer, the dielectric film being a resin film obtained by stretching an unstretched film produced using a crystalline hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene ring-opening polymer, and heating the resulting stretched film, and the resin film having a softening point of 250 to 320° C., a thermal shrinkage ratio of 0.01 to 5.0% when heated at 200° C. for 10 minutes, a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0001 to 0.0010, and a coefficient of static friction of 0.01 to 1.00. The present invention provides a film capacitor that includes a resin film as a dielectric film, the resin film exhibiting excellent heat resistance, excellent withstand voltage properties, and excellent workability.

A composite film having a high dielectric permittivity engineered particles dispersed in a high breakdown strength polymer material to achieve high energy density.

A composite oligomeric material includes one or more repeating backbone units; one or more polarizable units incorporated into or connected to one or more of the one or more repeating backbone units; and one or more resistive tails connected to one or more of the repeating backbone units or to the one or more polarizable units as a side chain on the polarizable unit, on a handle linking a polarizable unit to a backbone unit, or directly attached to a backbone unit. The composite oligomer material may be polymerized to form a metadielectric, which may be sandwiched between to electrodes to form a metacapacitor.

Prismatic polymer monolithic capacitor structure including multiple interleaving radiation-cured polymer dielectric layers and metal layers. Method for fabrication of same. The chemical composition of polymer dielectric and the electrode resistivity parameters are chosen to maximize the capacitor self-healing properties and energy density, and to assure the stability of the capacitance and dissipation factor over the operating temperature range. The glass transition temperature of the polymer dielectric is specifically chosen to avoid mechanical relaxation from occurring in the operating temperature range, which prevents high moisture permeation into the structure (which can lead to higher dissipation factor and electrode corrosion). The geometry and shape of the capacitor are appropriately controlled to minimize losses when the capacitor is exposed to pulse and alternating currents.

A capacitor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer of molecular material disposed between said first and second electrodes. The molecular material is described by the general formula:

D.sub.p-(Core)- H.sub.q,

where Core is a polarizable conductive anisometric core, having conjugated π-systems, and characterized by a longitudinal axis, D and H are insulating substituents, and p and q are numbers of the D and H substituents accordingly. And Core possesses at least one dopant group that enhances polarizability.