A method is disclosed for the preparation of a metal exchanged microporous materials, e.g. metal exchanged silicoaluminophosphates or metal exchanged zeolites, or mixtures of metal exchanged microporous materials, comprising the steps of providing a dry mixture of a) one or more microporous materials that exhibit ion exchange capacity and b) one or more metal compounds; heating the mixture in a gaseous atmosphere containing ammonia and one or more oxides of nitrogen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to initiate and perform a solid state ion exchange of ions of the metal compound and ions of the microporous material; and obtaining the metal-exchanged microporous material.

The honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls, and a plugging portion disposed in one of open ends of each cell, a thickness of the partition walls is 0.30 mm or more and 0.51 mm or less, a cell density is 30 cells/cm.sup.2 or more and 93 cells/cm.sup.2 or less, a filtration area (cm.sup.2) of inflow cells included per cm.sup.3 of the honeycomb structure body is defined as an inflow side filtration area G (cm.sup.2/cm.sup.3), a value obtained by dividing a pore volume Vp (cm.sup.3) formed in the partition walls by a total volume Va (L) including the cells is defined as a pore volume ratio A (cm.sup.3/L), and in this case, a product of the inflow side filtration area G (cm.sup.2/cm.sup.3) and the pore volume ratio A (cm.sup.3/L) is 1800 cm.sup.2/L or more and 3200 cm.sup.2/L or less.

A honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body including porous partition walls defining a plurality of cells serving as fluid passages extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face. A porosity of the partition walls is from 45 to 65%, an open frontal area of pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 um or more is from 20 to 40%, a pore density of pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is from 350 to 1,000 pores/mm.sup.2 and a median opening diameter of the pores having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 μm or more is from 40 to 60 μm, where the median opening diameter is the median value of the equivalent circle diameters.

A vehicle exhaust system includes a mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system. The mixer assembly includes a mixer housing that defines an internal cavity and which includes at least one injection opening. A manifold is positioned within the internal cavity at the injection opening. A primary injector is configured to inject fluid through the injection opening and into the internal cavity, and at least one secondary injector, which is separate from the primary injector, is configured to inject fluid into the internal cavity when operating temperatures fall below a predetermined level.

A process for producing a ceramic catalyst involves the steps of: a) providing functional particles having a catalytically inactive pore former as a support surrounded by a layer of a catalytically active material, b) processing the functional particles with inorganic particles to form a catalytic composition, c) treating the catalytic composition thermally to form a ceramic catalyst, wherein the ceramic catalyst comprises at least porous catalytically inactive cells which are formed by the pore formers in the functional particles, which are embedded in a matrix comprising the inorganic particles, which form a porous structure and which are at least partly surrounded by an active interface layer comprising the catalytically active material of the layer of the functional particles.

An SCR catalyst produced in by this method has an improved NO.sub.x conversion rate compared to a conventionally produced SCR catalyst.

An AFI-CHA hybrid crystal molecular sieve and an NH.sub.3-SCR catalyst using the AFI-CHA hybrid crystal molecular sieve as a carrier, and preparation methods thereof are disclosed. The AFI-CHA hybrid crystal molecular sieve includes an AFI-type SAPO-5 molecular sieve and a CHA-type SAPO-34 molecular sieve, with hybrid crystal grains of AFI and CHA. The hybrid crystal molecular sieve is synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis method and can be obtained by changing the structure directing agent, the heating rate and the calcinating temperature in the preparation process. Further, copper is loaded on the basis of the hybrid crystal molecular sieve to prepare copper-based NH.sub.3-SCR catalyst and corresponding monolithic catalyst. The catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability of the catalyst are significantly improved by the hybrid crystal molecular sieve.

An apparatus comprises a housing comprising a housing first portion and a housing second portion. The housing first portion comprises a first joint portion overlapping a second joint portion of the housing second portion so as to form a housing joint. A clamp is positioned on the housing joint and comprises a base portion. A first surface of the base portion is positioned on the housing joint. A plurality of legs extend from the base portion towards the housing each of which are spaced from each other around the housing joint. A plurality of flange segments extend from each side of the base portion away from the housing. A band is positioned on a second surface of the base portion opposite the first surface and around the clamp. The band is positioned between the plurality of flange segments and operatively coupled to the housing via the clamp.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing a finely divided metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite comprising mixing a carrier solvent with a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite to form a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry and atomizing the bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry using a low temperature collision to produce a finely divided metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite, the composition of a nickel-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite (GAN), and a method of NO decomposition using the nickel-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite.

A process for preparing a catalyst material, includes: (a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, the support material is ceria (CeO.sub.2), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or a combination, and the support material contains between 0.3 and 2.0 mmol OH groups/g of the support material; (b) reacting the support material with at least one of: (b1) a compound containing at least one alkoxy or phenoxy group bound though its oxygen atom to a metal element from Group 5 (V, Nb, Ta) or Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W); (b2) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element from Group 5 or 6; (b3) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element which is copper (Cu); and (c) calcining the product obtained in step (b).

A process for preparing a catalyst material, includes the steps of: (a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, wherein the support material is ceria (CeO.sub.2), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or a combination of thereof; (b) reacting the support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups of step (a) with a precursor containing two transition metal atoms, each chosen independently from the group consisting of: W, Mo, Cr, Ta, Nb, V, Mn; (c) calcining the product obtained in step (b) in order to provide a catalyst material showing dual site surface species containing pairs of transition metal atoms derived from the precursor that are present in oxide form on the support material. Additionally, a catalyst material is obtained by the process set out above, and the catalyst material is used as an ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH.sub.3-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.