An in vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado includes: collecting immature avocado hybrid fruits, stripping immature zygotic embryos from the sterilized fruits; inducing maturation of zygotic embryos in different media selected according to the maturities of zygotic embryos; and avocado seed embryos growing to normal plants under light conditions after germination. Provided is a technology for the in vitro culture rescue of immature embryo of avocado, wherein the zygotic embryos at different developmental stages are induced to maturation under in vitro conditions, and after maturation, the seed embryos are induced to germinate and form healthy plants. The present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of hybrid avocado zygotic embryo, increase the success rate of hybrid avocado, rescue the hybrid offspring, reduce the loss of hybrid offspring, ensure the genetic integrity of hybrid group, and provide the key technology for hybrid breeding and genetic research of avocado.

There are provided compositions and methods for transforming plants, preferably monocot, and even more preferably, sugarcane. The transformation methods involve infection of plant tissue with Agrobacterium, and co-cultivation using culture medium comprising high concentrations of gelling agent, with the result of inhibiting the exacerbated growth of the bacteria and increasing the transformation frequencies. The invention includes regenerating transformed plants, and the transformed plants themselves.

Compositions, kits, and methods for preparing a plant cell composition are provided. Compositions, kits, and methods for engineering plant cells are also provided. In some cases, compositions, kits, and methods provided herein can be used to produce cotton.

The cultivation, by optimized growth and harvesting of algae derived bio-mass may provide useful feedstock for various products and processes. The present invention provides an apparatus that allows for the optimized growth and harvesting of algae within a photo-bioreactor. The photo-bioreactor may include a channel and a propulsion unit for circulating an algae mixture through a channel while exposing the algae mixture to light to support photosynthesis and growth of the algae. A method is also provided for the optimizing the growth and harvesting of algae utilizing a number of different input streams. Further, a system including a programmable control assembly is provided for the growth and harvesting of algae.

Provided herein are methods for establishing Theobroma cell suspension cultures using young leaves as a source of explants. Also provided are induction, proliferation, and suspension media used for producing Theobroma cell suspension cultures. These methods and media may be useful for producing secondary metabolites in Theobroma, as well as for isolating virus particles associated with Theobroma diseases.

Provided are methods and systems for propagating plant material and the plant cells obtained thereby. The method comprises providing a solution comprising a plurality of plant protoplasts comprising an encapsulation medium or encapsulation medium precursor, introducing the solution into a microfluidic device, forming droplets of the solution in the microfluidic device, at least some of which encapsulate a single protoplast, causing the encapsulation medium or encapsulation medium precursor to gelify in the microfluidic device, and collecting the encapsulated protoplasts. The system comprises a microfluidic device comprising a droplet generator, a first injection system comprising a first liquid and configured for injecting the first liquid into the droplet generator, and a second injection system comprising a second liquid and configured for separately injecting a second liquid that is immiscible with the first liquid into the droplet generator. The first liquid is a solution comprising protoplasts and the first liquid comprises an encapsulation medium or encapsulation medium precursor, and the system is configured such that droplets are formed in the droplet generator, each droplet enclosing a single or no protoplast and comprising the encapsulation medium or encapsulation medium precursor. The encapsulation medium or encapsulation medium precursor in the droplets is gelified in the microfluidic to generate gelified droplets enclosing a single or no protoplast.

The present invention provides medium compositions and methods for the regeneration of the whole plant from explants obtained from plants belonging to the Malvaceae family, particularly the Abelmoschus genus, more preferably Abelmoschus esculentus L, through somatic embryogenesis. The present invention also provides an efficient methodology for genetic transformation of plants belonging to the Malvaceae family through somatic embryogenesis in semisolid culture with the use of the Agrobacterium. The present invention is also related to a method for the development of virus-resistant transgenic plants belonging to the Malvaceae family.

This invention relates to an agent for inducing a callus comprising a compound represented by Formula (I) or a hydrolysis product of an amide bond thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 represents phenyl substituted with substituent or substituents selected from alkoxy and methylenedioxy; Ar.sup.2 represents phenyl substituted with halogen; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent hydrogen, alkyl, cyano, or carboxyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form oxo; R.sup.3 to R.sup.10 each represent hydrogen or methyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, and/or R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 may together form oxo; a method for inducing a callus and a method for plant transformation using such agent for inducing a callus.

A recombinant protein for use in a liquid culture medium for photo-autotrophic micropropagation of Cannabis sativa L. is disclosed. The recombinant protein comprises a fusion of a growth induction part and a uptake enhancement part. The growth induction part comprises an Arabinogalactan protein and/or a plant transcription factor associated with plant growth and development. The uptake enhancement part comprises a cell penetrating peptide sequence and a nuclear localization signal encoded by the peptide sequence SEQ ID NO 1.

Provided is an in vitro rescue method for immature embryo of avocado, and the method includes: collecting immature avocado hybrid fruits, stripping immature zygotic embryos from the sterilized fruits; inducing maturation of zygotic embryos in different mediums selected according to the maturities of zygotic embryos; and avocado seed embryos growing to normal plants under light conditions after germination. Provided is a technology for the in vitro culture rescue of immature embryo of avocado, wherein the zygotic embryos at different developmental stages are induced to maturation under in vitro conditions, and after maturation, the seed embryos are induced to germinate and form healthy plants. The technology of the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of hybrid avocado zygotic embryo, increase the success rate of hybrid avocado, rescue the hybrid offspring, reduce the loss of hybrid offspring, ensure the genetic integrity of hybrid group, and provide the key technology for hybrid breeding and genetic research of avocado, etc.