A steel sheet for a fuel tank according to the present invention includes: a Zn—Ni alloy plated layer placed on one surface or each of both surfaces of a base metal; and a chromate-free chemical conversion coating film which is placed over the Zn—Ni alloy plated layer. The Zn—Ni alloy plated layer has a crack starting from an interface with the chromate-free chemical conversion coating film and reaching an interface with the steel sheet, the chromate-free chemical conversion coating film consists of an organosilicon compound consisting of a condensation polymer of a silane coupling agent, a phosphoric acid compound and/or a phosphonic acid compound, a vanadium compound, and a titanium compound and/or a zirconium compound, and a concentration of a total of amounts in terms of metal, per surface, of the phosphoric acid compound and/or the phosphonic acid compound+the vanadium compound+the titanium compound and/or the zirconium compound, is 5 mass % to 20 mass %.

The invention relates to a corrosion protection layer system for metal surfaces, said layer system comprising as the two top most layers: a) a discontinuous nickel-phosphorus layer and b) a chromium layer plated from a trivalent chromium electrolyte solution, as well as to a method of producing such a layer system. The inventive layer system is capable to combine the good corrosion resistance of the nickel-phosphorus layer against sodium chloride with the protective power of the chromium layer from the trivalent plating process against magnesium and calcium salts, especially without the need for any post-treatment.

In example implementations, a method for producing a coating is provided. The method includes placing a magnesium substrate into an anodizing bath, applying a voltage for a first amount of time to form a micro-porous anodizing layer having a thickness of between 1 to 50 microns on the magnesium substrate, placing the magnesium substrate with the micro-porous anodizing layer in plating bath, wherein the plating bath comprises a metal and a complexing agent with a pH between 8 and 14, applying a first current to the plating bath for a second amount of time to form an interlock layer on the micro-porous anodizing layer, and applying a second current to the plating bath for a third amount of time to form a coating on the interlock layer.

An electrode of a chemical cell includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections having a semiconductor composition for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the chemical cell, and a catalyst arrangement disposed along each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections, the catalyst arrangement including a copper-based catalyst and an iron-based catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the chemical cell.

The present disclosure relates to a metal air filter including: a filter which is formed of a metallic material by electrodeposition and has a nano branch structure; an ionizer which conducts particles to be captured by the filter with negative charges; and a power supply which supplies a positive voltage for conducting the filter with positive charges and a negative voltage for the ionizer. The filter can be more simply manufactured at a lower cost than a conventional process.

The present invention relates to 2D-material based composite materials such as aerogels and particularly, although not exclusively, to deposition of nanoparticles on 2D-material based aerogels. Also described are methods for manufacturing such materials.

In example implementations, a method for coloring an alloy is provided. The method includes anodizing a substrate in an anodizing bath comprising phosphoric acid, at a constant temperature and a constant voltage for a first time period to develop an anodizing layer that includes a barrier layer, reducing the constant voltage applied to the anodizing bath for a second time period to change a thickness of the barrier layer and change a width of pores in the anodizing layer, plating the substrate in a plating bath at a first current that is increased over a third time period in accordance with a current profile of the plating bath, and plating the substrate in the plating bath at a second current for a fourth time period.

An electrode of a chemical cell includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections having a semiconductor composition for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the chemical cell, and a catalyst arrangement disposed along each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections, the catalyst arrangement including a copper-based catalyst and an iron-based catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the chemical cell.

An antimicrobial air treatment device and a method of its construction. The antimicrobial air treatment device comprises an antimicrobial metal nanoparticle mesh comprising a steel support mesh and a layer of copper nanoparticles disposed on the steel support mesh. The antimicrobial air treatment device may be in the form of a facemask or a component of a moving air filtration system such as an HVAC system, an automobile cabin air filtration system, and an air purifier. The antimicrobial air treatment device may contain one or more filtration layers of filtration medium. The method of constructing the antimicrobial air treatment device involves the preparation of the antimicrobial metal nanoparticle mesh by an electrodeposition technique.

An electrode wire includes a brass core, a Cu—Zn alloy layer coated on the brass core, and a surface layer. The surface layer includes CuO, ZnO, Cu.sub.2(OH).sub.2CO.sub.3, and a Cu—Zn intermetallic compound. The surface layer is in the shape of particles or sheets spaced apart on the Cu—Zn alloy layer; and the Cu—Zn alloy layer is exposed with respect to spaces between the particles or sheets.