A component (3; 3′) for an injection system (1), in particular a high-pressure line (5) or a fluid distributor (2), including a base body (14; 13), at which a high-pressure input (15; 12) and at least one high-pressure output (16 through 19; 12′) are provided, at least the base body (14; 13) being at least essentially formed from an austenitic or martensitic material. It is provided that the material is developed as a grain-stabilized material.

A first member has a plated layer. A second member is pressed against the plated layer and causes a tensile stress in the first member. A breakage probability is a probability of breakage of the plated layer caused by the tensile stress. A characteristic line represents a relationship between an elastic modulus of the plated layer and the breakage probability. A characteristic slope of the characteristic line is a ratio of an increase in the breakage probability to a decrease in the elastic modulus. A characteristic change point appears on the characteristic line at which the elastic slope increases to exceed a predetermined slope as the elastic modulus gradually decreases. A characteristic change elastic modulus is the elastic modulus at the characteristic change point. The plated layer contains at least a chromium component and has the elastic modulus larger than the characteristic change elastic modulus.

To obtain a gasoline direct injection rail that enables plating treatment to be easily and reliably performed on the inside of a rail body and an inlet part, also, that includes an orifice, and that has excellent mechanical properties. In a gasoline direct injection rail comprising a steel rail body 4, an inlet part 6 provided integrally with or separately from a first end 5 of the rail body 4 and comprising therein a communication passage 7 in communication with a fuel passage of the rail body 4, and a plurality of injector holders in communication with the fuel passage, a stainless orifice member 1 formed separately from the rail body 4 is securely disposed in the communication passage 7 of the inlet part 6.

A first member has a plated layer. A second member is pressed against the plated layer and causes a tensile stress in the first member. A breakage probability is a probability of breakage of the plated layer caused by the tensile stress. A characteristic line represents a relationship between an elastic modulus of the plated layer and the breakage probability. A characteristic slope of the characteristic line is a ratio of an increase in the breakage probability to a decrease in the elastic modulus. A characteristic change point appears on the characteristic line at which the elastic slope increases to exceed a predetermined slope as the elastic modulus gradually decreases. A characteristic change elastic modulus is the elastic modulus at the characteristic change point. The plated layer contains at least a chromium component and has the elastic modulus larger than the characteristic change elastic modulus.

Provided is a steel fuel conveying pipe with high quality which has high resistance to corrosive fuel and followability, and allows working after plating. The steel fuel conveying pipe is characterized in that a Ni-plate layer is formed on an inner surface of a steel pipe of base material, the Ni-plated layer is wholly composed of a mutual diffusion layer including the base material and Ni and a non-mutual diffusion layer including only Ni formed on an outermost surface of the diffusion layer, a layer thickness of the non-mutual diffusion layer is 3 m or more, and a total layer thickness of the mutual diffusion layer and the non-mutual diffusion layer is 10 m or more and 25 m or less.

A fuel injector assembly for a vehicle includes an engine head, a fuel injector, and a preloading insert. The engine head defines a bore wherein the bore includes a head region proximate to the corresponding combustion chamber. The pre-loading insert may be disposed within the bore at the head region. The pre-loading insert may be configured to apply a tensile hoop stress to the head region of the bore causing plastic deformation to the head region while also supporting the fuel injector within the bore. The fuel injector may be configured to dispense fuel into a combustion chamber.

A water-cooled EGR cooler apparatus may include tubes in which gas passage is formed, and a tube bonded portion that internally and externally seals is provided, pins disposed at the gas passage of the tubes, and of which one surface contact and are bonded with the tube bonded portion, and supporters disposed between the tubes to form coolant passages and of which one surface contact and are bonded with the tube bonded portion.

A water-cooled EGR cooler apparatus may include tubes in which gas passage is formed, and a tube bonded portion that internally and externally seals is provided, pins disposed at the gas passage of the tubes, and of which one surface contact and are bonded with the tube bonded portion, and supporters disposed between the tubes to form coolant passages and of which one surface contact and are bonded with the tube bonded portion.

To obtain a gasoline direct injection rail that enables plating treatment to be easily and reliably performed on the inside of a rail body and an inlet part, also, that includes an orifice, and that has excellent mechanical properties. In a gasoline direct injection rail comprising a steel rail body 4, an inlet part 6 provided integrally with or separately from a first end 5 of the rail body 4 and comprising therein a communication passage 7 in communication with a fuel passage of the rail body 4, and a plurality of injector holders in communication with the fuel passage, a stainless orifice member 1 formed separately from the rail body 4 is securely disposed in the communication passage 7 of the inlet part 6.