There is provided a brake lining for a railway vehicle that can reduce brake squeal in braking. A brake lining for a railway vehicle is used for a disc brake system of a railway vehicle. This brake lining includes a base plate, a sintered friction material, and a friction material supporting mechanism. The friction material supporting mechanism is disposed between the base plate and the sintered friction material and supports the sintered friction material in such a manner that the sintered friction material can move with respect to the base plate. The sintered friction material has a Young's modulus of 35.0 GPa or more.

The invention relates to a vehicle brake, in particular a utility vehicle disc brake, having a brake carrier with at least one brake pad holder, at least one brake pad which is guided so as to be axially displaceable and supported in the brake pad holder, and a brake caliper which is axially movable relative to the brake carrier. According to the invention, it is proposed that the brake carrier is structurally reinforced on the run-out side relative to the run-in side, and at least one running direction indicator for indicating the first rotational direction is arranged on the brake carrier.

The invention relates to a vehicle brake, in particular a utility vehicle disc brake, having a brake carrier with at least one brake pad holder, at least one brake pad which is guided so as to be axially displaceable and supported in the brake pad holder, and a brake caliper which is axially movable relative to the brake carrier. According to the invention, it is proposed that the brake carrier is structurally reinforced on the run-out side relative to the run-in side, and at least one running direction indicator for indicating the first rotational direction is arranged on the brake carrier.

The force sensing device (1) comprising: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric; at least a first and a second interdigitated electrodes (5, 50) located on a first main face (3) and at least a third and fourth interdigitated electrodes (6, 60) located on a second main face (4) of the sheet (2), the first and third electrodes (5, 6) being aligned to each other along a normal stress direction (N), the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60) being aligned to each other along the normal stress direction (N); the piezoelectric material comprising first portions (100) facing the first and third electrodes (5, 6) interposed with second portions (101) facing the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60), the first portions (100) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented in alignment with the normal stress direction (N), the second portions (101) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented transversally to the normal stress direction (N).

The force sensing device (1) comprising: a sheet (2) of piezoelectric; at least a first and a second interdigitated electrodes (5, 50) located on a first main face (3) and at least a third and fourth interdigitated electrodes (6, 60) located on a second main face (4) of the sheet (2), the first and third electrodes (5, 6) being aligned to each other along a normal stress direction (N), the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60) being aligned to each other along the normal stress direction (N); the piezoelectric material comprising first portions (100) facing the first and third electrodes (5, 6) interposed with second portions (101) facing the second and fourth electrodes (50, 60), the first portions (100) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented in alignment with the normal stress direction (N), the second portions (101) having bulk electric polarization with vector field (E) mostly oriented transversally to the normal stress direction (N).

To provide a friction couple having an enhanced effect and stability in a low speed range, where the friction couple has a disc brake pad having a friction material manufactured from a friction material composition having a binder, a fiber base, and a friction modifier, without containing a copper component and a ferrous metallic fiber, and a stainless steel disc rotor. The present invention uses a friction material composition containing 20 - 30 weight % of a titanate relative to an entire friction material composition as an inorganic friction modifier without containing an inorganic friction modifier that has a Mohs hardness of 4 or less and is cleavable. The above-explained titanate is preferably a layer crystal structure lithium potassium titanate.

To provide a friction couple having an enhanced effect and stability in a low speed range, where the friction couple has a disc brake pad having a friction material manufactured from a friction material composition having a binder, a fiber base, and a friction modifier, without containing a copper component and a ferrous metallic fiber, and a stainless steel disc rotor. The present invention uses a friction material composition containing 20 - 30 weight % of a titanate relative to an entire friction material composition as an inorganic friction modifier without containing an inorganic friction modifier that has a Mohs hardness of 4 or less and is cleavable. The above-explained titanate is preferably a layer crystal structure lithium potassium titanate.

A brake element is sensorized by at least one piezoceramic sensor arranged between a metallic support element and a block of friction material of a brake element, the sensor being completely embedded within the block. An electrical voltage signal generated by at least one piezoceramic sensor, without the need for a power supply, is picked up by an electrical circuit integrated into the metallic support element. The electrical voltage signal is processed in the form of equal length of samples per unit of time of the detected signal by successively processing in real time each sample of equal length of time sample of the signal by applying an algorithm. The algorithm is selected from at least one of a sequence of integrations of voltage values in the sample carried out in an interval of time in the order of milliseconds; FFT voltage data sample; and integral of the voltage data sample.

A brake element is sensorized by at least one piezoceramic sensor arranged between a metallic support element and a block of friction material of a brake element, the sensor being completely embedded within the block. An electrical voltage signal generated by at least one piezoceramic sensor, without the need for a power supply, is picked up by an electrical circuit integrated into the metallic support element. The electrical voltage signal is processed in the form of equal length of samples per unit of time of the detected signal by successively processing in real time each sample of equal length of time sample of the signal by applying an algorithm. The algorithm is selected from at least one of a sequence of integrations of voltage values in the sample carried out in an interval of time in the order of milliseconds; FFT voltage data sample; and integral of the voltage data sample.

A graphite material device (1), wherein the graphite material device is provided, internally and/or externally, with at least one conductive pattern (2) and/or at least one sensor (2) and wherein the graphite material device is used as any one of a carbon brush, a brake disc, a bushing and a bearing.