A dispensing unit having a circulation system for circulating a fluid in the dispensing unit is provided. The circulation system comprises, a circulation circuit, and a mechanism configured to circulate the fluid in the circulation circuit. By circulating the fluid, the fluid is counteracted from crystallizing. A method for circulating a fluid in a dispensing unit is also provided.

A skin effect heating system for long pipelines includes a heater cable disposed in a ferromagnetic or other conductive heat tube, the heater cable and heat tube cooperating to produce heat that is applied to the carrier pipe. The heater cable includes a conductor surrounded by an insulating layer that includes a generally tubular core insulation and a plurality of structural spacers extending from the core insulation. The spacers dispose the conductor closer to the center of the heat tube, and space the core insulation away from the heat tube in order to minimize or eliminate partial discharge at voltages in excess of 5 kV. The spacers may be axial or lateral “ribs” that contact the inner surface of the heat tube and create an air gap between the heat tube and the core insulation, the air gap significantly reducing charge buildup on the outer surface of the core insulation.

A drain mast for an aircraft for discharge of water from the aircraft interior with a line which extends in a line direction from a connector end to a discharge end. The connector end can connect to another line in the interior of the aircraft, through which further line water flows into the drain mast. The discharge end can discharge water into a surrounding area of the aircraft. The line includes a plastic, into which a conductive material is embedded, by which the line can be heated electrically, by a heating current being conducted through the conductive material. A proportion of the embedded conductive material in the line increases in the line direction per length unit from the connector end of the line towards the discharge end such that the heating power which is introduced into the line per length unit increases from the connector end towards the discharge end.

A heater for a pipe, includes a heater body part having a longitudinal cutting line formed in the entire thickness section to form a pair of longitudinal cutting planes in the entire length section, a heating wire installed in the heater body part, and a restraint operating part installed at the heater body part and restraining the pair of longitudinal cutting planes not to be spaced apart from each other. Each of the longitudinal cutting planes includes: a longitudinal outer cutting area disposed in a thickness direction from an outer surface of the heater body part, a longitudinal intermediate cutting area extending from the longitudinal outer cutting area in a circumferential direction of the heater body part, and a longitudinal inner cutting area extending from the longitudinal intermediate cutting area to reach the inner surface of the heater body part in the thickness direction of the heater body part.

A heater for a pipe, includes a heater body part having a longitudinal cutting line formed in the entire thickness section to form a pair of longitudinal cutting planes in the entire length section, a heating wire installed in the heater body part, and a restraint operating part installed at the heater body part and restraining the pair of longitudinal cutting planes not to be spaced apart from each other. Each of the longitudinal cutting planes includes: a longitudinal outer cutting area disposed in a thickness direction from an outer surface of the heater body part, a longitudinal intermediate cutting area extending from the longitudinal outer cutting area in a circumferential direction of the heater body part, and a longitudinal inner cutting area extending from the longitudinal intermediate cutting area to reach the inner surface of the heater body part in the thickness direction of the heater body part.

A transition section (10) disposed between successively-spoolable electrically trace-heated PiP pipelines (12) comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and an annulus between the inner and outer pipes. The annulus contains heating cables (26) that extend longitudinally between annuli of the pipelines and longitudinally-spaced seals (44) that, when deactivated, allow fluid communication between the annuli of the pipelines and, when activated, isolate the annuli of the pipelines from each other. Longitudinally-spaced blocking plates (32) close the lumen of the inner pipe and define an inner chamber between them. Longitudinally-spaced openings (40) penetrate a wall of the inner pipe at locations longitudinally inboard of the blocking plates and the seals. The openings effect fluid communication between the annulus and the inner chamber and also define a diversion path for the heating cables that extends from the annulus to the inner chamber and back to the annulus

Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide an exemplary protective insulation system that includes a heating element. The protective insulation system includes a substrate layer and may include a protective layer over the substrate layer. The protective insulation system is lightweight and can be installed with minimal manpower and equipment.

Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide an exemplary protective insulation system that includes a heating element. The protective insulation system includes a substrate layer and may include a protective layer over the substrate layer. The protective insulation system is lightweight and can be installed with minimal manpower and equipment.

A connector assembly has a connector body to receive a spigot. The connector body includes a mechanism to retain the spigot in the connector body. A fluid transfer conduit is coupled with the connector body. A heating element extends through the fluid transfer conduit and into the connector body and spigot, when the spigot is retained by the connector body. The heating element heats the spigot and the connector body from the inside.

A connector assembly has a connector body to receive a spigot. The connector body includes a mechanism to retain the spigot in the connector body. A fluid transfer conduit is coupled with the connector body. A heating element extends through the fluid transfer conduit and into the connector body and spigot, when the spigot is retained by the connector body. The heating element heats the spigot and the connector body from the inside.