The invention relates to a gonioradiometer for the direction-dependent measurement of at least one lighting or radiometric characteristic variable of an optical radiation source (2), having: an apparatus for moving a radiation source (2) during a measurement operation about a first axis (31) and about a second axis (32) that is perpendicular to the first axis (31); a measuring wall (5) exhibiting homogeneous reflection, on which the light from the radiation source (2) is reflected; and a locationally fixed and immovably arranged camera (7) having an optical unit (8) and a two-dimensional sensor chip (100). The camera (7) is arranged such that it captures light reflected on the measuring wall (5), wherein the reflected light is imaged by the optical unit (8) of the camera (8) onto the sensor chip (100) of the camera (7), and wherein the sensor chip (100) records measurement values as the radiation source (2) is rotated during a measurement operation, which measurement values indicate the lighting or radiometric characteristic variable substantially on a spherical surface about the radiation centroid of the radiation source (2). The invention furthermore relates to a method and a gonioradiometer for the direction-dependent measurement of at least one lighting or radiometric characteristic variable of an optical radiation source (2), in which provision is made for at least two fixedly installed sensors (1, 100) to be used which provide measurement values simultaneously during a measurement.

A connection structure between sensor and cable includes a cable formed by assembling a plurality of electric wires each including a covering portion covering a core and a core-exposing portion exposing the core at an end of the covering portion, a spacer that is interposed in a space surrounded by the covering portions of the electric wires and holds end portions of the covering portions in the state that the end portions are spaced from each other, and a sensor that detects a physical quantity, and the core-exposing portion of each of the electric wires of the cable is electrically connected to the sensor via a fixing member in the state that each of the electric wires is held by the spacer.

The device comprises an array (8) of cells (10), with each cell having a single-photon avalanche diode (12) and a quenching circuit (14). Each cell (10) further comprises a first analog output (A) as well as a digital output (D). A latch (20) is provided for buffering a pulse generated by the diode (12) and selectively feeding it to the digital output (D). The cells (10) are arranged in rows and columns, and the outputs (A, D) are fed to analog and digital bus lines (40, 42) for off-array analog and digital signal processing. A data switch (54) and a shift register (58) are provided for serializing various measurement results detected by the device.

An infrared detector includes: a first light receiving layer having a first cutoff wavelength; a second light receiving layer having a second cutoff wavelength longer than the first cutoff wavelength; an intermediate filter layer having a third cutoff wavelength that is the same as or longer than the first cutoff wavelength and the same as or shorter than the second cutoff wavelength, the intermediate filter layer being disposed between the first light receiving layer and the second light receiving layer; a first barrier layer disposed between the first light receiving layer and the intermediate filter layer; and a second barrier layer disposed between the second light receiving layer and the intermediate filter layer.

An image sensor including: a substrate which has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and pixels arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the pixels includes a photodiode; a multi-wiring layer arranged on the first surface of the substrate; a color filter layer arranged on the second surface of the substrate and including color filters that respectively correspond to the pixels; and a lens layer arranged on the color filter layer and including a double-sided spherical lens, wherein the double-sided spherical lens includes at least two material layers having different refractive indexes.

Disclosed herein is a device including at least one photoconductor configured for exhibiting an electrical resistance dependent on an illumination of a light-sensitive region of the photoconductor; and at least one photoconductor readout circuit, where the photoconductor readout circuit includes at least one voltage divider circuit, where the voltage divider circuit includes at least one reference resistor Rref being arranged in series with the photoconductor, where the photoconductor readout circuit includes at least one amplifier device, where the photoconductor readout circuit includes at least one capacitor arranged between an input of the amplifier device and an output of the voltage divider circuit.

Provided are a solid state imaging device, an imaging apparatus, and an imaging method that may acquire a desired image without using a frame memory. The solid state imaging device includes: a sensor unit that generates pulses at a frequency in accordance with a frequency of photon reception; a count unit that generates an image signal by counting the number of signals generated from the sensor unit; and a processing unit that performs a predetermined process on a count value obtained in acquisition of a first image signal, and the count unit combines a second image signal and a value obtained by performing a predetermined process on the count value obtained in the acquisition of the first image signal to generate a third image signal.

A system and method for an imaging circadiometer that measures the spatial distribution of eye-mediated, non-image-forming optical radiation within the visible spectrum.

A system and method. The system may include a head-up display (HUD). The HUD may include a positionable combiner optical element (COE) and a combiner alignment detector (CAD) configured to conform images displayed on the positionable COE with a view through the positionable COE. The CAD may include a mirror that moves with the positionable COE, an infrared (IR) emitter configured to emit IR pulses onto the mirror with a duty cycle of less than 1% such that an average time-based radiance of the IR pulses is compatible with a night vision imaging system (NVIS), and an IR detector configured to receive the IR pulses reflected off of the mirror.

An apparatus comprises an array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Each of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is configured to be a source of light. The apparatus also comprises an optical arrangement configured to receive light from a plurality of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and to output a plurality of light beams.