The supporting device (10) includes: a body (14), designed to be mounted on an enclosure of a calorimeter, an end-fitting (34) for supporting the measurement cell (12), including elements (36) for fastening the measurement cell (12) on that supporting end-fitting (34), and fluid flow members in the measurement cell (12), able to control the pressure in that measurement cell (12).

A method of determining thermal properties of a sample using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the method comprises injecting a first separation fluid, a sample plug, and a second separation fluid into a sample cell. The first separation fluid and the sample plug have a first separation interface, and the sample plug and the second fluid have a second separation interface. The method further comprises injecting a reference fluid into a reference cell, heating the sample cell and reference cell, and determining thermal properties of the sample using DSC analysis.

The present invention is in relation to a method and its apparatus, by means of which HCl generation formed from hydrolysis reactions or thermal decomposition of chloride salts is continuously monitored. Its application is in oil refining or in any other area where chloride salts are heated to temperatures high enough to cause hydrolysis reactions or thermal decomposition. The invention allows for a much more sophisticated and precise record of the thermal events that occur as a function of temperature. It also allows the behavior of chloride salts subjected to these conditions to be evaluated, both in model systems and in industrial saline solutions, with respect to the respective content, composition, or presence of components in the oil phase, such as carboxylic (naphthenic acids) or nitrogenous (ammonia or amines) acids.

A liquid metal high-temperature oscillating heat pipe and a testing system are provided. The testing system contains the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe, a high-temperature heating furnace, a cooling liquid block, a high-pressure pump, a constant temperature liquid bath, a mass flowmeter, a filter, a cooling liquid valve, and a measurement and control connected to the aforementioned devices. The constant temperature liquid bath, the high-pressure pump, the filter, the cooling liquid valve, a liquid filling port tee-junction, the cooling liquid block, a liquid outlet tee-junction, and the mass flowmeter are connected in sequence and the mass flowmeter is connected to the constant temperature liquid bath. The front side of the cooling liquid block is provided with a channel connected to a condenser of the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe. The adiabatic section of the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe being connected to the high-temperature heating furnace.

Provided herein is technology relating to calorimetry and particularly, but not exclusively, to apparatuses, methods, and systems for making high-resolution thermodynamic measurements of reactions between gas phase reactants and nanomaterials. For example, the technology can provide thermodynamic measurements with a high heat flow resolution and long term stability at a wide range of temperatures and reaction pressures. The technology is used, for example, to study the thermodynamics of surface reactions and phase transformations in nanomaterials.

A method of determining thermal properties of a sample using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the method comprises injecting a first separation fluid, a sample plug, and a second separation fluid into a sample cell. The first separation fluid and the sample plug have a first separation interface, and the sample plug and the second fluid have a second separation interface. The method further comprises injecting a reference fluid into a reference cell, heating the sample cell and reference cell, and determining thermal properties of the sample using DSC analysis.

A liquid metal high-temperature oscillating heat pipe and a testing system are provided. The testing system contains the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe, a high-temperature heating furnace, a cooling liquid block, a high-pressure pump, a constant temperature liquid bath, a mass flowmeter, a filter, a cooling liquid valve, and a measurement and control connected to the aforementioned devices. The constant temperature liquid bath, the high-pressure pump, the filter, the cooling liquid valve, a liquid filling port tee-junction, the cooling liquid block, a liquid outlet tee-junction, and the mass flowmeter are connected in sequence and the mass flowmeter is connected to the constant temperature liquid bath. The front side of the cooling liquid block is provided with a channel connected to a condenser of the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe. The adiabatic section of the high-temperature oscillating heat pipe being connected to the high-temperature heating furnace.

The present invention is in relation to a method and its apparatus, by means of which HCl generation formed from hydrolysis reactions or thermal decomposition of chloride salts is continuously monitored. Its application is in oil refining or in any other area where chloride salts are heated to temperatures high enough to cause hydrolysis reactions or thermal decomposition. The invention allows for a much more sophisticated and precise record of the thermal events that occur as a function of temperature. It also allows the behavior of chloride salts subjected to these conditions to be evaluated, both in model systems and in industrial saline solutions, with respect to the respective content, composition, or presence of components in the oil phase, such as carboxylic (naphthenic acids) or nitrogenous (ammonia or amines) acids.

A MEMS cassette for insertion into a DSC calorimeter and a DSC calorimeter using MEMS cassettes to conduct DSC experiments. The MEMS cassette includes a chip configured to conduct DSC reactions of a sample and reference to derive information regarding the sample.

Disclosed herein are internally coated vessels for use in water calorimetry to replace traditional glass vessels. The vessels internally coated with one or more polymer layers selected to prevent impurities diffusing into the water from both the material of which the vessel is made and the one or more layers themselves during water calorimetry measurements.