A tape apparatus includes a tape drive and a processor. The tape drive is configured to perform data reading and data writing on a magnetic tape in which a plurality of tracks are formed. The processor is configured to control the tape drive to perform data reading and data writing on the plurality of tracks in a first segment among a plurality of segments obtained by dividing the magnetic tape in a running direction. The processor is configured to reserve a first track of the plurality of tracks as a copy target upon determining that an abnormality occurs in the first segment on the first track. The processor is configured to instruct the tape drive to copy data recorded in the first segment on the first track to a second segment on the first track at a predetermined timing. The second segment is adjacent to the first segment.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a non-volatile storage medium (NVSM) having a plurality of data sectors and a plurality of reserve sectors. A map-out value is generated for each of a first plurality of the data sectors based on a read latency of each of the first plurality of data sectors, and when the map-out value of a first data sector in the first plurality of data sectors exceeds a threshold, a first logical block address (LBA) is mapped from the first data sector to a first reserve sector. When the map-out value of a second data sector in the first plurality of data sectors exceeds the map-out value of the first data sector, the first LBA is mapped from the first reserve sector back to the first data sector, and a second LBA is mapped from the second data sector to the first reserve sector.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a non-volatile storage medium (NVSM) having a plurality of data sectors and a plurality of reserve sectors. A map-out value is generated for each of a first plurality of the data sectors based on a read latency of each of the first plurality of data sectors, and when the map-out value of a first data sector in the first plurality of data sectors exceeds a threshold, a first logical block address (LBA) is mapped from the first data sector to a first reserve sector. When the map-out value of a second data sector in the first plurality of data sectors exceeds the map-out value of the first data sector, the first LBA is mapped from the first reserve sector back to the first data sector, and a second LBA is mapped from the second data sector to the first reserve sector.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk that includes a plurality of tracks, each track including a plurality of sectors for storing data, a head that is for writing data to the plurality of sectors and reading data from the plurality of sectors, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine that a first sector of the plurality of sectors is not able to be read and is a defective sector, determine that a second sector of the plurality of sectors is disposed along a line that extends through the first sector and a defective sector included in a first list of defective sectors, register the second sector in the first list of defective sectors, and reallocate an address corresponding to the second sector to a first alternative sector included on the disk.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk that includes a plurality of tracks, each track including a plurality of sectors for storing data, a head that is for writing data to the plurality of sectors and reading data from the plurality of sectors, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine that a first sector of the plurality of sectors is not able to be read and is a defective sector, determine that a second sector of the plurality of sectors is disposed along a line that extends through the first sector and a defective sector included in a first list of defective sectors, register the second sector in the first list of defective sectors, and reallocate an address corresponding to the second sector to a first alternative sector included on the disk.

A method includes receiving a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device. In response, the current data block is written to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device. A corresponding copy of the current data block is written to a nonvolatile memory. A determination is made of whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the data to the open zone. In response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory, the data in the physical block is validated using the corresponding copy. In response to validation, the data in the corresponding copy is written as corrected data for the physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device.

Systems and methods are disclosed for minimizing reads for reallocated sectors of a data storage medium. An apparatus may be configured to selectively skip over reallocated sectors in an LBA range without interrupting a read, via generating a skip mask or by beginning the read after the reallocated sector and reading the entire track up to the reallocated sector. When a number of sectors not read from the LBA range during the read operation is less than an amount of sectors that can be recovered based on an error correction capability, the data of the reallocated sector may be reconstructed using error correction data rather than by performing a read at the reallocated sector.

A magnetic tape for use in a tape drive includes a plurality of tracks and a plurality of media defect characteristics. The plurality of tracks are laid out along a length of the magnetic tape, each of the plurality of tracks being configured to receive data that is organized into a plurality of fixed-size subdata sets each including a plurality of codeword interleaves. The data is laid out on the plurality of tracks in accordance with a tape layout allocation strategy as determined by a tape layout module. The tape layout module includes a tape layout optimization system that receives information on the plurality of media defect characteristics, the tape layout optimization system determining the tape layout allocation strategy based at least in part on at least one of the plurality of media defect characteristics; and the tape layout optimization system determining the tape layout allocation strategy further based on distance spectra between pairs of the plurality of codeword interleaves.

A tape layout module for determining a tape layout allocation strategy for laying out data on tape, the data being organized into a plurality of fixed-size subdata sets with each of the plurality of subdata sets including a plurality of codeword interleaves, the tape including a plurality of media defect characteristics, includes a tape layout optimization system including a processor that receives information on the plurality of media defect characteristics. The tape layout optimization system determines the tape layout allocation strategy based at least in part on at least one of the plurality of media defect characteristics. Additionally, the tape layout optimization system can determine the tape layout allocation strategy further based on distance spectra between pairs of the plurality of codeword interleaves. Further, the tape layout optimization system can determine the tape layout allocation strategy by selectively utilizing at least one tape layout parameter.

A tape layout module for determining a tape layout allocation strategy for laying out data on tape, the data being organized into a plurality of fixed-size subdata sets with each of the plurality of subdata sets including a plurality of codeword interleaves, the tape including a plurality of media defect characteristics, includes a tape layout optimization system including a processor that receives information on the plurality of media defect characteristics. The tape layout optimization system determines the tape layout allocation strategy based at least in part on at least one of the plurality of media defect characteristics. Additionally, the tape layout optimization system can determine the tape layout allocation strategy further based on distance spectra between pairs of the plurality of codeword interleaves. Further, the tape layout optimization system can determine the tape layout allocation strategy by selectively utilizing at least one tape layout parameter.