A semiconductor device includes a backside contact and a substrate. An epitaxial field stop region may be formed on the substrate with a graded doping profile that decreases with distance away from the substrate, and an epitaxial drift region may be formed adjacent to the epitaxial field stop region. A frontside device may be formed on the epitaxial drift region.

A semiconductor device includes a backside contact and a substrate. An epitaxial field stop region may be formed on the substrate with a graded doping profile that decreases with distance away from the substrate, and an epitaxial drift region may be formed adjacent to the epitaxial field stop region. A frontside device may be formed on the epitaxial drift region.

Provided is a doping method for doping by injecting a dopant into a processing target substrate. According to this doping method, a value of bias electric power supplied during a plasma doping processing is set to a predetermined value on premise of a washing processing to be performed after a plasma doping, and plasma is generated within a processing vessel using microwaves so as to perform the plasma doping processing on the processing target substrate hold on a holding pedestal in the processing vessel.

A laser irradiation method of irradiating, with a pulse laser beam, an irradiation object in which an impurity source film is formed on a semiconductor substrate includes: reading fluence per pulse of the pulse laser beam with which a rectangular irradiation region set on the irradiation object is irradiated and the number of irradiation pulses the irradiation region is irradiated, the fluence being equal to or larger than a threshold at or beyond which ablation potentially occurs to the impurity source film when the irradiation object is irradiated with pulses of the pulse laser beam in the irradiation pulse number and smaller than a threshold at or beyond which damage potentially occurs to the surface of the semiconductor substrate; calculating a scanning speed Vdx; and moving the irradiation object at the scanning speed Vdx relative to the irradiation region while irradiating the irradiation region with the pulse laser beam at the repetition frequency f.

A laser irradiation method of irradiating, with a pulse laser beam, an irradiation object in which an impurity source film is formed on a semiconductor substrate includes: reading fluence per pulse of the pulse laser beam with which a rectangular irradiation region set on the irradiation object is irradiated and the number of irradiation pulses the irradiation region is irradiated, the fluence being equal to or larger than a threshold at or beyond which ablation potentially occurs to the impurity source film when the irradiation object is irradiated with pulses of the pulse laser beam in the irradiation pulse number and smaller than a threshold at or beyond which damage potentially occurs to the surface of the semiconductor substrate; calculating a scanning speed Vdx; and moving the irradiation object at the scanning speed Vdx relative to the irradiation region while irradiating the irradiation region with the pulse laser beam at the repetition frequency f.

A method of splitting off a semiconductor wafer from a semiconductor bottle includes: forming a separation region within the semiconductor boule, the separation region having at least one altered physical property which increases thermo-mechanical stress within the separation region relative to the remainder of the semiconductor boule; and applying an external force to the semiconductor boule such that at least one crack propagates along the separation region and a wafer splits from the semiconductor boule.

A field effect transistor includes a substrate, a passivation layer on the substrate forming a passivated substrate, wherein the passivation layer is inert to XeF.sub.2, and a graphene lateral heterostructure field effect transistor (LHFET) on the passivated substrate.

A field effect transistor includes a substrate, a passivation layer on the substrate forming a passivated substrate, wherein the passivation layer is inert to XeF.sub.2, and a graphene lateral heterostructure field effect transistor (LHFET) on the passivated substrate.

There is provided a technique that includes selectively doping a metal film with a dopant by performing: supplying a dopant-containing gas containing the dopant to a substrate in which the metal film and a film other than the metal film are formed on a film in which the dopant is doped; and removing the dopant-containing gas from above the substrate.

There is provided a technique that includes selectively doping a metal film with a dopant by performing: supplying a dopant-containing gas containing the dopant to a substrate in which the metal film and a film other than the metal film are formed on a film in which the dopant is doped; and removing the dopant-containing gas from above the substrate.