A display device includes first pixel circuit unit, second pixel circuit unit, third pixel circuit unit, and fourth pixel circuit unit spaced from one another, first pixel electrode on the first pixel circuit unit, second pixel electrode on the second pixel circuit unit, third pixel electrode on the third pixel circuit unit, fourth pixel electrode on the fourth pixel circuit unit, first light-emitting element electrically connected to the first pixel electrode, the first light-emitting element configured to emit first light, second light-emitting element electrically connected to the second pixel electrode, the second light-emitting element configured to emit second light, and third light-emitting element electrically connected to the third pixel electrode, the third light-emitting element configured to emit third light. A length of the first light-emitting element in a first direction is greater than each of a length of the second and third light-emitting elements in the first direction.

A semiconductor package includes a base substrate; an interposer substrate including a semiconductor substrate having a first surface facing the base substrate and a second surface, opposing the first surface, and a passivation layer on at least a portion of the first surface; a plurality of connection bumps between the base substrate and the interposer substrate; an underfill resin in a space between the base substrate and the interposer substrate; and a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip on the interposer substrate. The interposer substrate has a first region, in which the plurality of connection bumps are included, and a second region and a third region adjacent a periphery of the first region, and the passivation layer is in the second region and includes a first embossed pattern in the second region.

A semiconductor package includes a base substrate; an interposer substrate including a semiconductor substrate having a first surface facing the base substrate and a second surface, opposing the first surface, and a passivation layer on at least a portion of the first surface; a plurality of connection bumps between the base substrate and the interposer substrate; an underfill resin in a space between the base substrate and the interposer substrate; and a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip on the interposer substrate. The interposer substrate has a first region, in which the plurality of connection bumps are included, and a second region and a third region adjacent a periphery of the first region, and the passivation layer is in the second region and includes a first embossed pattern in the second region.

A semiconductor device includes an interlayer insulating layer disposed on a substrate; a plurality of middle interconnections disposed in the interlayer insulating layer; a pad disposed on the interlayer insulating layer; an upper interconnection disposed on the interlayer insulating layer; a protective insulating layer covering an edge of the pad, the upper interconnection, and a horizontal gap between the pad and the upper interconnection, the protective insulating layer having an opening on the pad; and a bump disposed on the pad, the bump extending on the protective insulating layer and overlapping the upper interconnection from a top-down view. At least one of the plurality of middle interconnections from among middle interconnections vertically closest to the pad has a first vertical thickness, the pad has a second vertical thickness that is twice to 100 times the first vertical thickness, a length of the gap between the pad and the upper interconnection is 1 μm or more, and an upper surface of the protective insulating layer is planar.

A semiconductor device includes an interlayer insulating layer disposed on a substrate; a plurality of middle interconnections disposed in the interlayer insulating layer; a pad disposed on the interlayer insulating layer; an upper interconnection disposed on the interlayer insulating layer; a protective insulating layer covering an edge of the pad, the upper interconnection, and a horizontal gap between the pad and the upper interconnection, the protective insulating layer having an opening on the pad; and a bump disposed on the pad, the bump extending on the protective insulating layer and overlapping the upper interconnection from a top-down view. At least one of the plurality of middle interconnections from among middle interconnections vertically closest to the pad has a first vertical thickness, the pad has a second vertical thickness that is twice to 100 times the first vertical thickness, a length of the gap between the pad and the upper interconnection is 1 μm or more, and an upper surface of the protective insulating layer is planar.

A bonding element and a method for manufacturing the same thereof are provide, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a carrier substrate; forming a first metal layer on the carrier substrate; forming a first insulating layer on the first metal layer, wherein the first insulating layer includes a first through hole; forming a first passivation layer and a first conductive layer in the first through hole, wherein the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer in the first through hole form a first connecting bump; forming a first substrate on the first connection bump and the first insulating layer; removing the carrier substrate and the first metal layer to form a first sub-bonding element; and connecting the first sub-bonding element and a second sub-bonding element with a surface of the first passivation of the first connection bump to form the bonding element.

During electro-oxidative metal removal on a semiconductor substrate, the substrate having a metal layer is anodically biased and the metal is electrochemically dissolved into an electrolyte. Metal particles (e.g., copper particles when the dissolved metal is copper) can inadvertently form on the surface of the substrate during electrochemical metal removal and cause defects during subsequent semiconductor processing. Contamination with such particles can be mitigated by preventing particle formation and/or by dissolution of particles. In one implementation, mitigation involves using an electrolyte that includes an oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide, during the electrochemical metal removal. An electrochemical metal removal apparatus in one embodiment has a conduit for introducing an oxidizer to the electrolyte and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of the oxidizer in the electrolyte.

During electro-oxidative metal removal on a semiconductor substrate, the substrate having a metal layer is anodically biased and the metal is electrochemically dissolved into an electrolyte. Metal particles (e.g., copper particles when the dissolved metal is copper) can inadvertently form on the surface of the substrate during electrochemical metal removal and cause defects during subsequent semiconductor processing. Contamination with such particles can be mitigated by preventing particle formation and/or by dissolution of particles. In one implementation, mitigation involves using an electrolyte that includes an oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide, during the electrochemical metal removal. An electrochemical metal removal apparatus in one embodiment has a conduit for introducing an oxidizer to the electrolyte and a sensor for monitoring the concentration of the oxidizer in the electrolyte.

An integrated circuit device includes a wiring structure, first and second inter-wiring insulating layers, redistributions patterns and a cover insulating layer. The wiring structure includes wiring layers having a multilayer wiring structure and via plugs. The first inter-wiring insulating layer that surrounds the wiring structure on a substrate. The second inter-wiring insulating layer is on the first inter-wiring insulating layer, and redistribution via plugs are connected to the wiring structure through the second inter-wiring insulating layer. The redistribution patterns includes pad patterns and dummy patterns on the second inter-wiring insulating layer. Each patterns has a thickness greater than a thickness of each wiring layer. The cover insulating layer covers some of the redistribution patterns. The dummy patterns are in the form of lines that extend in a horizontal direction parallel to the substrate.

An integrated circuit device includes a wiring structure, first and second inter-wiring insulating layers, redistributions patterns and a cover insulating layer. The wiring structure includes wiring layers having a multilayer wiring structure and via plugs. The first inter-wiring insulating layer that surrounds the wiring structure on a substrate. The second inter-wiring insulating layer is on the first inter-wiring insulating layer, and redistribution via plugs are connected to the wiring structure through the second inter-wiring insulating layer. The redistribution patterns includes pad patterns and dummy patterns on the second inter-wiring insulating layer. Each patterns has a thickness greater than a thickness of each wiring layer. The cover insulating layer covers some of the redistribution patterns. The dummy patterns are in the form of lines that extend in a horizontal direction parallel to the substrate.