A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A bonding element includes a first transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding element including a first material and a second material, the first material having a higher melting point than the second material, a ratio of a quantity of the first material and the second material in the first TLP bonding element having a first value and a second TLP bonding element including the first material and the second material, a ratio of a quantity of the first material and the second material in the second TLP bonding element having a second value different from the first value.

A bonding element includes a first transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding element including a first material and a second material, the first material having a higher melting point than the second material, a ratio of a quantity of the first material and the second material in the first TLP bonding element having a first value and a second TLP bonding element including the first material and the second material, a ratio of a quantity of the first material and the second material in the second TLP bonding element having a second value different from the first value.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.

A method of making an assembly can include forming a first conductive element at a first surface of a substrate of a first component, forming conductive nanoparticles at a surface of the conductive element by exposure to an electroless plating bath, juxtaposing the surface of the first conductive element with a corresponding surface of a second conductive element at a major surface of a substrate of a second component, and elevating a temperature at least at interfaces of the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements to a joining temperature at which the conductive nanoparticles cause metallurgical joints to form between the juxtaposed first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can be disposed between the surfaces of the first and second conductive elements. The conductive nanoparticles can have long dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers.