Apparatus and methods related to ferrite based circulators are disclosed. A ferrite disk used in a circulator can be configured to reduce intermodulation distortion when routing radio-frequency signals having closely spaced frequencies. Such a reduction in intermodulation distortion can be achieved by adjusting magnetization at the edge portion of the ferrite disk. By way of an example, a ferrite disk with a reduced saturation magnetization (4PiMs) edge portion can reduce intermodulation distortion. Example configurations with such a reduced 4PiMs edge portions are disclosed.

Apparatus and methods related to ferrite based circulators are disclosed. A ferrite disk used in a circulator can be configured to reduce intermodulation distortion when routing radio-frequency signals having closely spaced frequencies. Such a reduction in intermodulation distortion can be achieved by adjusting magnetization at the edge portion of the ferrite disk. By way of an example, a ferrite disk with a reduced saturation magnetization (4PiMs) edge portion can reduce intermodulation distortion. Example configurations with such a reduced 4PiMs edge portions are disclosed.

Systems and methods for ferrite redundancy switch networks are disclosed. In one embodiment, a redundant ferrite switch system comprises: a first plurality of circulator modules, a second plurality of circulator modules, and a plurality of components coupled to the first plurality of circulator modules and coupled to the second plurality of circulator modules, wherein the first plurality of circulator modules and the second plurality of circulator modules is able to route a path through the redundant ferrite switch system when more than two components in the plurality of components have failed. The first plurality of circulator modules and the second plurality of circulator modules each comprise, respectively: a plurality of inputs; a plurality of outputs; and a plurality of circulators connecting the plurality of inputs to the plurality of outputs.

Systems and methods for ferrite redundancy switch networks are disclosed. In one embodiment, a redundant ferrite switch system comprises: a first plurality of circulator modules, a second plurality of circulator modules, and a plurality of components coupled to the first plurality of circulator modules and coupled to the second plurality of circulator modules, wherein the first plurality of circulator modules and the second plurality of circulator modules is able to route a path through the redundant ferrite switch system when more than two components in the plurality of components have failed. The first plurality of circulator modules and the second plurality of circulator modules each comprise, respectively: a plurality of inputs; a plurality of outputs; and a plurality of circulators connecting the plurality of inputs to the plurality of outputs.

In one embodiment, a system comprises: a first circulator module comprising a first plurality of circulators including a first circulator; a second circulator module comprising a second plurality of circulators including a second circulator, wherein an interconnection port connects the first and second circulator modules, each circulator in the first and second plurality of circulators comprises: an internal cavity; a plurality of ports extending from the internal cavity, wherein at least one port in the plurality of ports connects the circulator to another circulator; and at least one ferrite element disposed in the internal cavity and including at least one aperture; the system further comprising: a control wire, respective portions of the control wire being disposed in the at least one aperture of the at least one ferrite element of the first circulator and the at least one aperture of the at least one ferrite element of the second circulator.

In one embodiment, a system comprises: a first circulator module comprising a first plurality of circulators including a first circulator; a second circulator module comprising a second plurality of circulators including a second circulator, wherein an interconnection port connects the first and second circulator modules, each circulator in the first and second plurality of circulators comprises: an internal cavity; a plurality of ports extending from the internal cavity, wherein at least one port in the plurality of ports connects the circulator to another circulator; and at least one ferrite element disposed in the internal cavity and including at least one aperture; the system further comprising: a control wire, respective portions of the control wire being disposed in the at least one aperture of the at least one ferrite element of the first circulator and the at least one aperture of the at least one ferrite element of the second circulator.

A compact six-port Photonic Crystal (PhC) circulator includes a hexagonal PhC branch waveguide and six waveguide ports, wherein six PhC branch waveguides respectively correspond to the six waveguide ports, and the six waveguide ports respectively are symmetrically distributed at the periphery of PhCs. One second dielectric material column is arranged at the center of the hexagonal PhC waveguide. Six identical magneto-optical material columns respectively are arranged at first adjacent positions of the second dielectric material column. Six identical third dielectric material columns respectively are arranged at second adjacent positions of the second dielectric material column. An electromagnetic signal is inputted from any one of the waveguide ports and is outputted from the next waveguide port adjacent thereto, while the remaining waveguide ports are in a signal isolated state, thus forming unidirectional circular transmission.

One or more example embodiments of the present invention relates to a radiofrequency source for a linear accelerator system, to the linear accelerator system, to a method for operating a radiofrequency source, and to an associated computer program product.

A microwave heating device with reflection protection belongs to a technical field of microwave applications. A first port of a circulator is connected to a microwave generator, and a second port of the circulator is connected to a microwave transmission device. A water load comprises a waveguide section, a metamaterial structure layer and the absorption tube. One end of the waveguide section is connected to a third port of the circulator, and the other end is sealed by a metal plate. The metamaterial structure layer is arranged in the waveguide section, and a center of the metamaterial structure layer has an accommodation space. The absorption tube is arranged along an internal wall of the accommodation space with a spiral extending form. Both ends of the absorption tube penetrate the waveguide section, and coolant flows in the absorption tube. Relative dielectric constants of the metamaterial structure layer gradually increase.

A high power isolator having coolant channel structure includes a ferrite which is installed inside a junction of a waveguide; a permanent magnet which is installed in an outer groove of an upper part of the ferrite; and a water-cooled cooling device having a spiral-shaped water channel structure which is installed on the upper part of the permanent magnet; wherein the ferrite, the permanent magnet, and the water-cooled cooling device are formed in a symmetrical pair up and down.