A transmitting system includes a variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus and a transmission slotting apparatus. The variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus generates a variable-length packet. The transmission slotting apparatus stores the variable-length packet in slots forming transmission main signals. The transmission slotting apparatus includes a capacity calculator, an extractor, a remainder calculator, a selector, and a slot information multiplexer. The capacity calculator calculates a data capacity of the transmission main signals for one frame. The extractor extracts a byte number of the variable-length packet. The remainder calculator calculates a remaining capacity of the transmission main signals. The selector stores a predetermined data sequence in a region left in the slots, and outputs the slots storing the data sequence. The slot information multiplexer multiplexes slot information and the slots output by the selector.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

Provided are a communication device, an industrial machine, and a communication method that contribute to accurate evaluation of communication quality. The present invention comprises: a reception unit that receives a serial signal; and a signal string acquisition unit that samples the serial signal at second periods that are shorter than a first period, which is a 1-bit period of the serial signal, thereby acquiring a signal string corresponding to 1 bit of the serial signal.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for encoding frameless packets. One of the methods includes receiving a data payload to be transmitted. The data payload is partitioned into multiple payload words, each payload word being of a predetermined size. A first sync word is added to each of the multiple payload words. A control word comprising label and an error checking value is added. A second sync word is added to the label and error checking word. If one or more counter criteria are satisfied while transmitting the multiple payload words, an idle word is transmitted before transmitting the label and error checking word.

The disclosure provides a cell flow characteristic value adjustment method, device and system, and a storage medium. The method comprises: detecting deviation information of an actual characteristic value of a cell flow characteristic in a designated device, and a desired characteristic value; and controlling either of the designated device and an upstream device of the designated device to adjust, on the basis of the deviation information, the number of a predetermined type code blocks in the sent cell flow so as to adjust the actual characteristic value of the cell flow characteristic in the designated device.

The disclosure relates to a coding module for an Ethernet transceiver. The coding module may include circuitry configured to: receive data-signaling representative of one or more data words; encode the data-signaling into one or more DC-balanced words each having a DC-balanced-word-length; provide a prepended-word for a first transmission, where a length of the prepended-word is at least as long as the DC-balanced-word-length; and provide the one or more DC-balanced words for a second transmission, where the second transmission is subsequent to the first transmission. The coding module may include circuitry configured to: receive a prepended-word and provide a logic-high signal to an Energy Detect terminal; receive one or more DC-balanced words each having a DC-balanced-word-length; remove a DC-balanced coding from the one or more DC-balanced words to generate data signaling representative of one or more data words; and provide the data signaling to an output terminal.

This application discloses a data forwarding method and device. The method includes: obtaining a first data unit sequence stream by using a first logical ingress port, where the first data unit sequence stream includes at least one first data unit; determining, according to a preconfigured mapping relationship between at least one logical ingress port and at least one logical egress port, a first logical egress port corresponding to the first logical ingress port, where the at least one logical ingress port includes the first logical ingress port; adjusting a quantity of idle units in the first data unit sequence stream, so that a rate of an adjusted first data unit sequence stream matches a rate of the first logical egress port; and sending the adjusted first data unit sequence stream by using the first logical egress port.

An audio and video playback system includes an audio and video playback device having a local audio device, and a secondary audio device. A method for playing audio data includes: allocating a local audio buffer space and a secondary audio buffer space to the local audio device and the secondary audio device, respectively; processing obtained multimedia data to generate local audio data and secondary audio data; writing the local audio data and the secondary audio data to the local audio buffer space and the secondary audio buffer space, respectively; reading the local audio data and the secondary audio data buffered in the local audio buffer space and the secondary audio buffer space to the local audio device and the secondary audio device, to have the local audio device and the secondary audio device play the local audio data and the secondary audio data, respectively.

This application discloses a data forwarding method and device. The method includes: obtaining a first data unit sequence stream by using a first logical ingress port, where the first data unit sequence stream includes at least one first data unit; determining, according to a preconfigured mapping relationship between at least one logical ingress port and at least one logical egress port, a first logical egress port corresponding to the first logical ingress port, where the at least one logical ingress port includes the first logical ingress port; adjusting a quantity of idle units in the first data unit sequence stream, so that a rate of an adjusted first data unit sequence stream matches a rate of the first logical egress port; and sending the adjusted first data unit sequence stream by using the first logical egress port.