A method and device are described to transfer a viscous functional material onto a receiving substrate. A plate is provided having a cavity surface that includes a cavity. A plurality of individually addressable resistive heater elements are provided that are in thermal contact with respective zones of the cavity. Viscous functional material is provided in the cavity with a material composition that, when sufficiently heated, generates a gas at an interface between the cavity surface in the cavity and the functional material, to transfer the functional material from the cavity by the gas generation onto the receiving substrate. Respective portions of the viscous functional material in respective zones of the cavity are heated by supplying respective ones of the plurality of individually addressable heater elements with an electric power having a respective time dependent magnitude.

Pattern transfer sheets, methods of monitoring pattern transfer printing, and pattern transfer printing systems are provided, for monitoring and adjusting laser illumination used for transferring paste patterns from trenches on the sheets onto a substrate such as electronic circuitry and/or solar cell substrates. Pattern transfer sheets comprise, outside the pattern, (i) trace mark(s) configured to receive the printing paste, aligned to the trenches and are wider than the width of the illuminating laser beam—to detect misalignment of paste release from within the trace mark(s) and/or (ii) working window marks configured to receive the printing paste, set at specified offsets with respect to specific trenches, with different working window marks set at different offsets—to correct the effective working window by adjusting the power of the laser beam.

Dynamic pattern transfer printing systems and method are provided, which decouple the design of the trench patterns on a source substrate for pattern transfer printing, from the resulting metallic paste lines patterns transferred to a receiving substrate, such as PV cells. The receiving substrate may be moved forward (along the scanning direction of the laser illumination used to transfer the paste from the trenches onto the receiving substrate) to reduce the pattern pitch with respect to the source substrate, and/or the receiving substrate may be moved backward (against the scanning direction) to increase the pattern pitch with respect to the source substrate. For example, dynamic pattern transfer printing may be used to accommodate different widths of the substrates for more effective pattern transfer, and/or to enable one-to-many pattern transfer technologies with high wafer throughput. Also, pattern transfer sheet with separate multiple groups of trenches are provided.

It is proposed to provide a transfer method of a high viscosity functional material, such as a conductive paste, onto a receiving substrate, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plate having a cavity surface that includes at least one cavity; providing the cavity with a resistive heating device and control circuitry connected to the heating device; providing a functional material in the at least one cavity, having a material composition that, when heated by the heating device, generates a gas at an interface between the cavity surface in the cavity and the functional material, to transfer the functional material from the at least one cavity by the gas generation onto the receiving substrate.

A wiring body includes an adhesive :layer and a conductor pattern bonded to the adhesive layer. A surface roughness of an adhesive surface in the conductor pattern bonded to the adhesive layer is rougher than a surface roughness of another surface, which is a surface of the conductor pattern except for the adhesive surface in the conductor pattern.

An object stage and a hot pressing apparatus are disclosed. The object stage includes a base (1) and a support device (2) fixed on the base (1), wherein the support device (2) includes a plurality of detachable support sub-devices (21): the support device is configured to allow a printed circuit board (3) with at least one protruding structure (4) to be placed thereon, and no support sub-device (21) is disposed at a position on the support device (2) corresponding to the protruding structure (1). The object stage reduces manufacture cost, saves production time and improves production efficiency.

Pattern transfer printing (PTP) systems and methods are provided to improve the quality, accuracy and throughput of pattern transfer printing. PTP systems comprise a tape handling unit for handling a tape with pattern transfer sheets sections and for controllably delivering the pattern transfer sheets one-by-one for paste filling and consecutively for pattern transfer, with the tape moving from an unwinder roll to a re-winding roll. PTP systems further comprise a paste filling unit which enables continuous paste filling using a supporting counter roll opposite to the paste filling head, a wafer handling unit controllably delivering wafers for the pattern transfer in a parallelized manner that increases throughput, a paste transfer unit with enhanced accuracy and efficiency due to exact monitoring and wafer alignment, as well as a print quality control unit.

This work develops a novel microfluidic method to fabricate conductive graphene-based 3D micro-electronic circuits on any solid substrate including, Teflon, Delrin, silicon wafer, glass, metal or biodegradable/non-biodegradable polymer-based, 3D microstructured, flexible films. It was demonstrated that this novel method can be universally applied to many different natural or synthetic polymer-based films or any other solid substrates with proper pattern to create graphene-based conductive electronic circuits. This approach also enables fabrication of 3D circuits of flexible electronic films or solid substrates. It is a green process preventing the need for expensive and harsh postprocessing requirements for other fabrication methods such as ink-jet printing or photolithography. We reported that it is possible to fill the pattern channels with different dimensions as low as 10×10 μm. The graphene nanoplatelet solution with a concentration of 60 mg/mL in 70% ethanol, pre-annealed at 75° C. for 3 h, provided ˜0.5-2 kOhm resistance. The filling of the pattern channels with this solution at a flow rate of 100 μL/min created a continuous conductive graphene pattern on flexible polymeric films. The amount of graphene used to coat 1 cm.sup.2 of area is estimated as ˜10 μg. A second method regarding the transfer of graphene material-based circuits with small features size (5 μm depth, 10 μm width) from any solid surface to flexible polymeric films via polymer solvent casting approach was demonstrated. This method is applicable to any natural/synthetic polymer and their respective organic/inorganic solvents.

Provided herein are embodiments of a PWB circuit construction material, and its use in flexible PWB circuits. The PWB circuit construction material is made up of temperature resistant fabric bonded to a metal substrate using a bonding agent. The temperature resistant material may include synthetic aromatic polyamide fibers. The fabric may be used as a reinforcement for the standard PWB construction materials for flexible PWB circuits and as a standalone piece that is bonded as a hinge at rigid portions of a rigid or rigid-flexible PWB circuit to reduce the thermal effects.

There are provided a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprints which imparts excellent uniformity in thickness of a film to be formed, has excellent wettability with respect to a curable composition for imprints, and imparts stability in a film to be formed; a kit; a curable composition for imprints; a laminate; a method for producing a laminate; a method for producing a cured product pattern; and a method for producing a circuit board. A composition for forming an underlayer film for imprints includes a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate that includes at least one aromatic ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring and has a viscosity of 11 to 600 mPa.Math.s at 23 C. and a molecular weight of 200 or more, and a solvent.