The present invention includes a fused polycyclic aromatic compound represented by general formula (1), where in formula (1), one among R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is represented by general formula (2) and represents a substituent having three to five ring structures, and the other among R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, where in formula (2), n represents an integer of 0-2.sub.R. —R.sub.3 represents a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from benzene or naphthalene, R.sub.4 represents a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon, and when n is 2, a plurality of R.sub.4's may be the same as or different from each other, R.sub.5 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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The present application relates to spirobifluorene derivatives of a formula (I), to the use thereof in electronic devices, and to processes for preparing said derivatives.

A display device having an improved display characteristics and reduced manufacturing cost is provided. The display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged on a surface of a substrate. The plurality of pixels each include: a light-emitting element; a driving transistor; a selecting transistor; and a retention capacitor. The driving transistor has a bottom-gate structure. The driving transistor has a semiconductor layer containing a first semiconductor. The retention capacitor has a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode doubles as a gate of the driving transistor. The second electrode is disposed at a lower layer than the first electrode and contains a second semiconductor.

Disclosed are an apparatus for and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a chamber, an evaporator that evaporates an organic source to provide a source gas on a substrate in the chamber, a vacuum pump that pumps the source gas and air from the chamber, an exhaust line between the vacuum pump and the chamber, and an analyzer connected to the exhaust line. The analyzer detects a derived molecule produced from the organic source and determines a replacement time of the evaporator.

Devices and methods relating stretchable electronics are disclosed. Some disclosed embodiments relate to a stretchable electronic film comprising an insulating polymer and less than 1 wt % of a semiconducting polymer. Other disclosed embodiments relate to manufacturing a multi-layered, stretchable electronic device characterized by a single peel-off step for integrating all components of the device rather than a multi-peel synthesis of the device.

Devices and methods relating to stretchable electronics. A stretchable electronic film includes an insulating polymer and less than 1 wt % of a semiconducting polymer. Manufacturing a multi-layered, stretchable electronic device characterized by a single peel-off step for integrating the components of the device rather than a multi-peel synthesis of the device.

A method of preparing a carbon nanotube monolayer film includes applying a bifunctional hydrogen-bond linker onto a substrate to prepare a surface-treated substrate, mixing carbon nanotubes having a heteroatom-containing aromatic polymer coating film with a hydrophobic solvent to obtain a composition and contacting the surface-treated substrate with the composition, and heat-treating the surface-treated substrate contacting the composition.

The invention provides a display apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same. The display apparatus includes a substrate and a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor includes a semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate and includes a gate electrode overlapping the semiconductor layer and insulated from the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer includes a polysilicon layer and an organic layer. The polysilicon layer has a first surface and has an uneven surface overlapping the first surface. The organic layer is disposed on the uneven surface of polysilicon layer and includes an organic semiconductor material.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) which are suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, and to electronic devices which comprise these compounds. ##STR00001##

A thin-film transistor including: a gate electrode; a gate insulating layer that is in contact with the gate electrode; a semiconductor layer insulated from the gate electrode by the gate insulating layer; and a source electrode and a drain electrode that are in contact with the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer includes a perovskite compound represented by Formula 1:

[A].sub.2[B][X].sub.6:Z  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A includes a monovalent organic-cation, a monovalent inorganic-cation, or a combination thereof, B includes Sn.sup.4+, X includes a monovalent anion, and Z includes a metal cation or a metalloid cation.