The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for analyzing the presence of charged analytes and/or the binding force between charged analytes and a capture probe. The apparatuses and methods of the present disclosure can be operated in a multiplexed format to perform various assays of clinical significance for example.

Methods for detecting one or more analytes in a sample utilizing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. In one method, analyte detection includes comparing an imaginary impedance measurement to a calibration curve of concentrations for each target analyte. The calibration curve of concentrations for each target analyte is established at an optimal frequency. In another method, a signal decoupling algorithm is utilized for detection of more than one analyte on an electrode.

Methods of detecting presence of a virus in a sample are provided, the method including contacting the sample with a solid state nanopore comprising a plurality of virus-specific aptamers and measuring a current-voltage curve in the solid state nanopore, wherein a decrease in the current indicates presence of the virus in the sample. Solid state nanopores comprising a plurality of virus-specific aptamers covalently linked to the interior of the solid state nanopore are also provided. Membranes including a plurality of solid state nanopores including a plurality of covalently attached virus-specific aptamers and kits and systems with a membrane including a plurality of solid state nanopores including a plurality of covalently attached virus-specific aptamers are also provided.

A method and device for performing DNA sequencing and extracting structural information from unknown nucleic acid strands. The device includes a microwell structure, where identical DNA strands are immobilized within the microwell structure on a surface of a micro-bead, an active electrode or a porous polymer. The device further includes a CMOS-integrated semiconductor integrated circuit, where the CMOS-integrated semiconductor integrated circuit includes metal layers on a silicon substrate, where the metal layers form an active electrode biosensor. In addition, a sensing electrode is formed by creating openings in a passivation layer of the CMOS-integrated semiconductor integrated circuit to hold a single bead, on which the DNA strands are immobilized.

The present disclosure provides chips, devices and methods for sequencing a biomolecule. The biomolecule may be DNA, RNA. a protein, or a peptide. The chip comprises a substrate; a first and second fluid chamber; fluid channels connecting the first and second fluid chamber; a first and second electrode disposed on opposing sides of the central fluid channel and having a nanogap therebetween, wherein the width of the nanogap is modulated by confined electrochemical deposition; and a passivation layer disposed on top of the first and second electrodes and the fluid channel.

The present description pertains to a detection system and methods of using same comprising an upstream molecular circuitry system that is activated in the presence of a target molecule to produce a reporter molecule and a capture molecule bound to an electrode wherein the reporter molecule specifically binds to the capture molecule bound to the electrode to produce or reduce a detectable electrochemical signal.

An examination kit includes a flow channel (2) provided on a substrate formed of resin and transporting a liquid sample from one end side to the other end side, a solid-phase part (50) provided on the other end side of the flow channel (2), in which an antibody is set to a solid-phase, a detection unit (two electrodes (20)) provided with an electrode portion to detect a reaction of the liquid sample with respect to the antibody, and a fine uneven structure having a plurality of protrusions formed integrally with the flow channel (2), in which the fine uneven structure has a first fine structure region (31) in which the plurality of protrusions are provided relatively loosely, and a second fine structure region (32) in which the plurality of protrusions are provided relatively densely, and the first fine structure region (31) and second fine structure region (32) are provided further toward the one end side of the flow channel (2) than the solid-phase part (50).

The invention provides monoferrocenyl compounds of general formula (I). The invention also provides substrates labelled with the compounds, functionalised derivatives of the compounds and methods of using the compounds, functionalised derivatives and labelled substrates in electrochemical assays.

Methods for fabricating a biochip for detecting or sequencing biomolecules are shown. Such a biochip may for instance include: a base member; a dielectric layer deposited on the base member and having at least two rows of discrete recesses formed thereon; and two or more electrodes sandwiched between the base member and the dielectric layer and running under respective row of discrete recesses, the two or more electrodes separated from each other along lengths thereof by a portion of the dielectric layer; wherein the dielectric layer defines a continuous operation surface above the electrodes and on which the discrete recesses are deposited for detecting or sequencing of biomolecules, when an electric field is applied through the electrodes, a field gradient is created to draw a biomolecule towards a preferred part of the operation surface.

A device for the detection of a target analyte in solution is provided. The device comprises a gate-keeper membrane made of a substrate having a first receptor surface for exposure to the target analyte and a second opposing surface exposed to a detector, wherein the substrate is adapted to incorporate pores sufficient to permit passage of a reporter through the membrane from exposure to the first receptor surface to the second opposing surface; one or more receptors anchored on the first surface of the substrate which bind with the target analyte, wherein binding of the receptor with the target analyte alters the passage of the reporter through the pores of the membrane; and one or more detectors which interact with reporter that passes through the membrane and emits a detectable signal that permits quantification of reporter in the detection reservoir.