In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a first carbon nanotube array that is patterned to define a first electrode having a first plurality of electrode segments. The apparatus can also include a second carbon nanotube array that is patterned to define a second electrode having a second plurality of electrode segments. The second plurality of electrode segments can be interdigitated with the first plurality of electrode segments. The apparatus can further include a biorecognition agent disposed on a surface of the first electrode and disposed on a surface of the second electrode. The first plurality of electrode segments can each have a height-to-width aspect ratio of at least 1 to 1.

A biosensor for measuring an electrical response from a biological sample. The biosensor includes a substrate, a passivation layer grown on a surface of the substrate, a patterned catalyst layer deposited on the passivation layer, and three electrodes grown on the patterned catalyst layer. The three electrodes include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a first array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to be an attachment site for the biological sample. The counter electrode includes a second array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to acquire the electrical response from the working electrode. The reference electrode includes a third array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to adjust a specific voltage around the working and the counter electrodes.

Provided is a preparation method for an immunoelectrode. The immunoelectrode comprises a substrate, a gold layer, a conductive polymer layer and an antibody layer. The substrate, the gold layer, the conductive polymer layer and the antibody layer are sequentially attached from bottom to top. The preparation method for the immunoelectrode specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the conductive polymer layer: preparing a polypyrrole layer on a gold-plated substrate to obtain a polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; (2) preparing the immunoelectrode: preparing the antibody layer on the polypyrrole layer to obtain an antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate; and (3) forming an immunoelectrode system: fixing a bare gold-plated substrate to the outer side of the antibody/polypyrrole/gold-plated substrate to obtain the immunoelectrode system. A polypyrrole material is used for fixing an antibody of a biological recognition element and immobilizing the antibody on the immunoelectrode.

The present invention relates to a sensor for dopamine-selective detection, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof.

An electrochemical detection electrode includes: a plurality of electrode structures; and a plurality of groups of detection structures on the plurality of electrode structures; wherein: the plurality of groups of detection structures include a first group of detection structures and a second group of detection structures, each of the first group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a first shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a first detection object, each of the second group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a second shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a second detection object; and wherein the first shape is different from the second shape.

Nanozymes capped with a radical-scavenging capping agent are disclosed for use in biosensing assays with improved sensitivity. The radical-scavenging capping agent facilitates the capture and retention of one or more radicals for enhancing a catalytic reaction. In some example embodiments, the nanozyme capped by the radical-scavenging capping agent is capable of catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen. The capped nanozymes may be incorporated with an electrode, such as the working electrode of an electrochemical sensor, for achieving enhanced catalytic activity and a lower limit of detection. In some example embodiments, the radical-scavenging capping agent is or includes thiocyanate. A rapid ethanol detection device and associated method are described in which the working electrode of an electrochemical sensor is modified by a peroxidase-mimetic nanozyme capped with a radical-scavenging capping agent for the enhanced generation of a reduction current associated with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

A Prussian blue/zinc oxide-carbon nanotube composite is provided, the nanotube composite being selective and sensitive for detection of hydrogen peroxide, which is important for screening for early cancer detection, monitoring cardiovascular disease, detecting onset of food spoilage, and enzymatic reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. Also provided are methods using said zinc oxide-carbon nanotube composite in which standard addition is used in combination with chronoamperometry detection to quantify the level of hydrogen peroxide in a biological sample.

A Fano resonator device can be used to sequence DNA or other macromolecules. The device includes customized molecular components, informed by computation analysis. Techniques for preparing and using the device also are disclosed. The device can be incorporated in a system that further includes a sample processing component and a flow chamber.

A biosensor, including a modified gold electrode and a macrophage RAW264.7 immobilized on the modified gold electrode. The disclosure also provides a method of preparing the biosensor and a method of using the same for evaluation of antioxidant capacity of substances.

Multi-use biosensors are disclosed that include enzymes coupled to nanobeads; the multi-use biosensors are used to detect analytes in fluidic biological samples, and the biosensors also maintain their enzyme activity after many uses. Multi-sensor arrays are disclosed that include multiple biosensors. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using these devices.