The present invention is related to engineered nucleic acid bases for use in molecular electronics, such as nanosensors, molecular-scale transistors, FET devices, molecular motors, logic and memory devices, and nanogap electronic measuring devices for the identification and/or sequencing of biopolymers.

Composite nanomaterials including a carbon nanomaterial and an electrocatalyst are disclosed and shown to facilitate enhanced detection, via electro-oxidation, of phenolic analytes when applied to a sensing electrode, such as the working electrode of an electrochemical sensor. In other example embodiments, methods and devices for improved electrochemical detection of phenolic analytes are disclosed in which a sensor electrode is modified by the presence of graphene nanosheets. Such modified electrodes may be employed to provide working electrodes in electrochemical sensors for the rapid detection of cannabinoids and/or associated metabolites in saliva. In some example implementations, the nanocomposite or graphene nanosheets are functionalized with magnetic particles and provided in a suspension that is initially contacted with the sample prior to being magnetically drawn to the surface of the electrode for electrochemical processing.

Proposed is a quality analysis nanosensor using a metastructure, including: a metasurface structure resonating with a specific frequency of incident electromagnetic waves; a fixed binding body formed on a surface of the metasurface structure or inside the metasurface structure on a hotspot area; a movable binding body coupled to the fixed binding body by an attractive force; and a receptor or nanoparticles linked to the movable binding body. According to the nanosensor, there are provided a detection structure and method based on metamaterials and nanoparticles, thereby enabling efficient detection with only few nanoparticles by raising detection sensitivity to a high level.

Nucleic acid molecule analysis systems are described. The system may include a nucleic acid molecule attached to a particle with a characteristic dimension. The system may also include an aperture defined by a first electrode, a first insulator, and a second electrode. The aperture may have a characteristic dimension less than the characteristic dimension of the particle. The system may further include a first power supply in electrical communication with the first electrode and the second electrode. In addition, the system may include a second power supply configured to apply an electric field through the aperture. In some embodiments, the aperture may be defined by a first insulator. A portion of the first electrode may extend into the aperture. A portion of the second electrode may extend into the aperture.

A biosensor comprising an electrode and inverted molecular pendulums (iMPs) is described. Each IMP includes a linker bound to the electrode, and an analyte receptor and a redox reporter both bound to the linker. The redox reporter is reactive at positive potential when the linker presents a net negative charge and reactive at negative potential when the linker presents a net positive charge. Upon application of an electric field, the biosensor is characterized by an iMPs unbound state, where no analyte is bound to the receptor, at which the iMPs are displaced towards the electrode and electron transfer from the iMPs towards the electrode occurs at an unbound electron transfer rate, and an iMPs bound state, where the analyte is bound to the receptor, at which the iMPs are displaced towards the electrode and electron transfer from the iMPs towards the electrode occurs at a bound electron transfer rate.

A process of making sensors and sensor arrays that provided real time notification of any centerline deviation. Such production process can be adjusted in real time. Thus, large numbers of units can be made—even in millions of per day—with few if any out of specification units being produced. Such process does not require large-scale clean rooms and is easily configurable.

Provided is an electrochemical aptasensor for detecting di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) with high sensitivity. The electrochemical aptasensor according to the present invention has a low detection limit concentration by improving sensitivity by sensor surface modification using a nano composite and gold nanoflowers, and has high practical applicability of a sensor by monitoring a trace amount of DEHP migrating from a real plastic product by a simple measurement method.

A DNA sequencing device and methods of making. The device includes a pair of electrodes having a spacing of no greater than about 2 nm, the electrodes being exposed within a nanopore to measure a DNA strand passing through the nanopore. The device can be made by depositing a conductive layer over a sacrificial channel and then removing the sacrificial channel to form the electrode gap.

Provided are composite array electrode, preparation method thereof and use thereof. The composite array electrode comprises a microelectrode array substrate, and a modification layer formed on a surface of a microelectrode of the microelectrode array substrate, wherein the modification layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive layers arranged at intervals on the surface of the microelectrode, an insulating layer arranged on the surface of the microelectrode except the electrically conductive layers, and wherein material for the electrically conductive layers comprises one or more of nano platinum, nano iridium, conductive polymer and carbon nanotubes. The composite array electrode effectively eliminates the influence of edge effect such that the electric field distributes uniformly on the microelectrode surface of the composite array electrode, significantly improving electrochemical performance and detection capability of the electrode.

One embodiment is a biochip having an array of biosensors for quantitative determination of protein-protein and/or antibody-antigen interactions. The array comprises at least two biosensors formed on a substrate. The biosensors can be used to detect either the same or different analytes. The biosensors may be acoustical transducers operated in the thickness shear mode of vibration, wherein the density, viscosity, and elasticity at the sensor interface can be ascertained. Additionally, a series of fluidic channels are etched to the same depth as the biosensors. The fluidic channels serve to efficiently deliver the sample to the biosensors. One or more biochips can be housed within an enclosure.