An error rate measuring apparatus includes a data transmission unit that transmits a test signal of a known pattern and a parameter value defined by a communication standard to a device under test, and a bit error measurement unit that measures a bit error of a signal transmitted from the device under test. The data transmission unit sequentially changes the parameter value and transmits the parameter value to the device under test. The bit error measurement unit measures a bit error of a signal transmitted from the device under test corresponding to the parameter value. The error rate measuring apparatus further includes a discrimination unit that discriminates a parameter value at which the number of bit errors is the least in a measurement result of the bit error measurement unit, as an optimum value of emphasis of an output waveform of the device under test.

It is possible to know a guideline for adjusting the levels of three voltage thresholds of a PAM4 signal. An error detection device receives a measurement pattern including a pseudo random pattern having equal appearance frequencies of four levels, decodes the measurement pattern into a most significant bit sequence signal MSB and a least significant bit sequence signal LSB, based on three voltage thresholds Vth1, Vth2, and Vth3, identifies and counts, by a level counting unit, the four levels of the measurement pattern, based on the most significant bit sequence signal MSB and the least significant bit sequence signal LSB, and displays numerical values or bar graphs indicating ratios of the appearance frequencies of the four levels of the measurement pattern so as to be in the same order as waveform levels of the measurement pattern, based on a result of the counting.

Compensating for signal loss, including determining a first expected loss at a first frequency and a second expected loss at a second frequency at a receiver associated with a first lane of a PCB; calculating an expected rate of change of signal loss between the first and the second frequencies based on the first and the second expected losses; calculating a first measured loss of a first signal transmitted at the first frequency and a second measured loss of a second signal transmitted at the second frequency from a transmitter to the receiver along the first lane of the PCB; calculating a measured rate of change of signal loss between the first and second frequencies based on the first and the second measured losses; comparing the measured rate of change with the expected rate of change; compensating a gain of a signal transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver.

A test and measurement system includes a machine learning system, a test and measurement device including a port configured to connect the test and measurement device to a device under test (DUT), and one or more processors, configured to execute code that causes the one or more processors to: acquire a waveform from the device under test (DUT),transform the waveform into a composite waveform image, and send the composite waveform image to the machine learning system to obtain a bit error ratio (BER) value for the DUT. A method of determining a bit error ratio for a device under test (DUT), includes acquiring one or more waveforms from the DUT, transforming the one or more waveforms into a composite waveform image, and sending the composite waveform image to a machine learning system to obtain a bit error ratio (BER) value for the DUT.

An error rate measuring apparatus that inputs a PAM4 signal of a known pattern as a test signal to a device under test W, receives a signal from the device under test W compliant with the input of the test signal, and measures whether or not an FEC operation of the device under test W is possible based on a comparison result of the received signal and the test signal includes an operation unit that sets one Codeword length and one FEC Symbol length of the FEC as a setting parameter to the signal received from the device under test W according to a communication standard of the device under test W, and a display unit that parallel-displays MSB data and LSB data of each piece of symbol string data obtained by receiving and converting the signal from the device under test W on a display screen.

A method for bit error rate testing a processing unit using a bit error rate tester (BERT) includes transmitting a signal pair to a receiver of the processing unit, the signal pair having jitter levels complying with a jitter threshold, tuning the signal pair to obtain a first stressed eye measurement for the receiver, wherein the first stressed eye measurement complies with a stressed eye mask, placing the processing unit into a loop-back mode, wherein data transmitted to the processing unit by the BERT is transmitted back to the BERT, transmitting a data pattern to the processing unit, receiving a looped back version of the data pattern from the processing unit, and calculating a bit error rate in accordance with the data pattern and the looped back version of the data pattern.

Presented embodiments facilitate efficient and effective flexible implementation of different types of testing procedures in a test system. In one embodiment, a test system comprises pre-qualifying test components, functional test components, a controller, a transceiver, and a switch. The pre-qualifying test components are configured to perform pre-qualifying testing on a device under test. The functional test components are configured to perform functional testing on the device under test. The controller is configured to direct selection between the pre-qualifying testing and functional testing. The transceiver is configured to transmit and receive signals to/from the device under test. The switch is configured to selectively couple the transceiver to the pre-qualifying test components and functional test components.

A test device and method with built-in self-test logic and a communication device. The test device includes at least one generator and at least one checker which are disposed between a physical layer and a medium access control layer. The at least one generator is configured to generate a protocol pattern to form a data path between the physical layer and the medium access control layer, and generate different pseudo random bit sequence patterns in the data path. The at least one checker is configured to test a data stream in the physical layer and/or the medium access control layer according to the pseudo random bit sequence patterns, thereby locating a fault position.

A method for processing blocks of flash memory to decrease raw bit errors from the flash memory is provided. The method includes identifying one or more blocks of the flash memory for a refresh operation and writing information regarding the identified blocks, to a data structure. The method includes issuing background reads to the identified blocks, according to the data structure, as the refresh operation. The method may be embodied on a computer readable medium. In some embodiments the background reads may be based on a time based refresh responsive to an increase in raw bit error count in the flash memory over time.

A hybrid optical-electrical automated testing equipment (ATE) system can implement a workpress assembly that can interface with a device under test (DUT) and a load board that holds the DUT during testing, analysis, and calibration. A test hand can actuate to position the DUT on a socket and align one or more alignment features. The workpress assembly can include two optical interfaces that are optically coupled such that light can be provided to a side of the DUT that is facing away from the load board, thereby enabling the ATE system to perform simultaneous optical and electrical testing of the DUT.