This disclosure relates to an in vivo treatment of a skin lesion of a mammal comprising application of electrical energy to the skin lesion in a form of electrical pulses. At least one electrical pulse is applied. The pulse duration may be at least 0.01 nanoseconds at the full-width-at-half-maximum. This treatment may at least prevent growth of the lesion.

The present invention relates to pulse power technology. The system includes an input channel, a pulse edge detector (2) connected in series with two inputs, a filter (3), a variable delay unit (4), and a feedback channel from the generator to one of the inputs of the pulse edge detector (2). The system comprises a reference delay unit (1), and the input channel is connected both to the variable delay unit (4) and to a reference delay unit (1) for simultaneous supply of input to said units. Signals to both inputs of the pulse edge detector (2) are synchronous on average, i.e. tstab.avg=1/τ∫ tstab dt=tref with τ>>τest.oper where: tstab.avg—generator output delay relative to the input signal, averaged over the operation time of the system τ at a given tref; tref—reference unit (1) output delay relative to the input signal; τest.oper—stabilization system time response to changes in external parameters, with the stabilization delay tstab determined from the condition tstab=tvar+tunstab where: tvar—delay of the variable delay unit (4); tunstab—unstable delay of the generator. The stabilization of the delay is independent of the pulse repetition frequency.

The present invention relates to pulse power technology. The system includes an input channel, a pulse edge detector (2) connected in series with two inputs, a filter (3), a variable delay unit (4), and a feedback channel from the generator to one of the inputs of the pulse edge detector (2). The system comprises a reference delay unit (1), and the input channel is connected both to the variable delay unit (4) and to a reference delay unit (1) for simultaneous supply of input to said units. Signals to both inputs of the pulse edge detector (2) are synchronous on average, i.e. tstab.avg=1/τ∫ tstab dt=tref with τ>>τest.oper where: tstab.avg—generator output delay relative to the input signal, averaged over the operation time of the system τ at a given tref; tref—reference unit (1) output delay relative to the input signal; τest.oper—stabilization system time response to changes in external parameters, with the stabilization delay tstab determined from the condition tstab=tvar+tunstab where: tvar—delay of the variable delay unit (4); tunstab—unstable delay of the generator. The stabilization of the delay is independent of the pulse repetition frequency.

The present invention relates to a pulse generating circuit for an electrosurgical generator, for generating a waveform suitable for causing electroporation of biological tissue. The pulse generating circuit comprises a voltage source connectable to a load via a switching element, and an open circuit coaxial transmission line connected between the switching element and the voltage source to be charged by the voltage source when the switching element is in an OFF state and to be discharged when the switching element is in an ON state. The switching element comprises a plurality of series connected avalanche transistors, and a trigger pulse generator configured to generate a trigger pulse to activate the plurality of series connected avalanche transistors. Furthermore, the impedance of the coaxial transmission line is configured to match a sum of (i) the impedance the plurality of series connected avalanche transistors, and (ii) the impedance of the load.

A device and method are disclosed for regulated storage capacitor charging to high voltage. The device comprises an AC source configured to output an AC voltage, a voltage multiplier that constitutes a charging unit and a control unit. The control unit is configured to constantly sense the voltage on the storage capacitor and upon detecting that a predefined maximum charging voltage has been reached to react in at least one of the following ways: stop charging the storage capacitor, and closing an output switch so as to discharge of the storage capacitor through some load. The capacitance of each capacitor in the charging unit is substantially smaller than that of the storage capacitor so as achieve accurate maximum charging voltage as well as limited charging current.

A plasma deposition system comprising a wafer platform, a second electrode, a first electrode, a first high voltage pulser, and a second high voltage pulser. In some embodiments, the second electrode may be disposed proximate with the wafer platform. In some embodiments, the second electrode can include a disc shape with a central aperture; a central axis, an aperture diameter, and an outer diameter. In some embodiments, the first electrode may be disposed proximate with the wafer platform and within the central aperture of the second electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode can include a disc shape, a central axis, and an outer diameter. In some embodiments, the first high voltage pulser can be electrically coupled with the first electrode. In some embodiments, the second high voltage pulser can be electrically coupled with the second electrode.

Some embodiments may include a nanosecond pulser comprising a plurality of solid state switches; a transformer having a stray inductance, L.sub.s, a stray capacitance, C.sub.s, and a turn ratio n; and a resistor with a resistance, R, in series between the transformer and the switches. In some embodiments, the resonant circuit produces a Q factor according to $Q=\frac{1}{R}\sqrt{\frac{L_s}{C_s}};$
and the nanosecond pulser produces an output voltage V.sub.out from an input voltage V.sub.in, according to V.sub.out=QnV.sub.in.

A light-emitting device includes a laser unit; and a first capacitive element and a second capacitive element that supply a driving electric current to the laser unit; wherein the first capacitive element has smaller equivalent series inductance than the second capacitive element, and the second capacitive element has a larger capacity and a smaller mount area than the first capacitive element.

A bipolar pulse generating circuit for an electrosurgical generator generates a waveform for electroporation of biological tissue comprising a voltage source connectable to a load via a switching element, and a coaxial transmission line having an inner conductor separated from an outer conductor. The inner conductor first end is connected between the switching element and the voltage source and second end is in an open circuit condition, whereby the line is charged when the switching element is OFF and discharged when the element is ON. The bipolar pulse generating circuit has an output connectable to the load, wherein the first output supports a positive pulse when the line discharges, and a second output supports a negative pulse when the line discharges. The impedance of the coaxial transmission line matches a sum of impedance of the switching element, the load at the first output, and the load at the second output.

In accordance with the present disclosure, exposure of a sample to one or more electric pulses via capacitive coupling is described. In certain embodiments, the sample may be a biological sample to be treated or modified using the pulsed electric fields. In certain embodiments, the electric pulses may be delivered to a load using capacitive coupling. In other embodiments, the electric pulses may be bipolar pulses.