A system for determining a level of hematocrit includes a test strip configured to receive a sample; a meter configured to receive the test strip; and further including circuitry and a microprocessor, the circuitry and microprocessor configured to apply electrical energy to the test strip and the sample and determine an electrical property of the sample, either the impedance phase angle or the impedance magnitude of the test strip and the sample and, based on the electrical property, calculate the level of hematocrit in the sample.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system for detecting neurotransmitters. A non-limiting example of the system includes a porous electrode. A system can also include a pH sensor attached to the porous electrode, wherein the pH sensor includes a sensing electrode and a reference electrode. The system can also include electronic circuitry in communication with the pH sensor.

The present description pertains to a detection system and methods of using same comprising an upstream molecular circuitry system that is activated in the presence of a target molecule to produce a reporter molecule and a capture molecule bound to an electrode wherein the reporter molecule specifically binds to the capture molecule bound to the electrode to produce or reduce a detectable electrochemical signal.

Electrodes comprising conducting graphite, paraffin oil pasting liquid, and a rare earth metal impregnated zeolite, such as lanthanum or cerium impregnated mordenite electrodes. Methods and voltammetric applications, such as square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, of these rare earth metal impregnated zeolite modified electrodes for the detection and quantification of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aqueous solutions.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for a crosslinking agent for the preparation of a sensing layer or a diffusion control layer of an electrochemical biosensor comprising genipin or a derivative thereof, in which due to the properties of genipin that can be extracted and used from plants, not only it has high biocompatibility compared to conventional crosslinking agents with high toxicity, but also it can easily confirm the progress of the reaction by measuring UV or measuring the amount of amine groups present when reacting with a compound having an amine group, for example, an electron transport medium, and additionally, it has the advantage of suppressing a rapid decrease in sensor life due to high concentration of glucose while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity to glucose.

An electrochemical cell includes a plurality of working electrode zones disposed, and defining a pattern, on a surface of the cell and at least one auxiliary electrode disposed on the surface. The auxiliary electrode may have a defined interfacial potential.

An electrochemical biosensor includes a working electrode modified with a redox polymer and amine-terminated capture aptamer specific for a particular detection target. The binding sequence of the capture aptamer is also complementary to part of a second ssDNA which is labeled with HRP (horseradish peroxidase). The capture aptamer will form dsDNA with the HRP-labeled ssDNA and bring HRP into electrical contact with the redox polymer and the electrode. Prior to capturing the detection target, addition of H.sub.2O.sub.2 will lead to the highest reduction current due to the redox polymer-mediated, enzyme-amplified electroreduction of H.sub.2O.sub.2.

Provided is a method for detecting analyte in a sample, which method comprises: (a) contacting the sample with a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe; (b) performing an electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) measurement on the sample; (c) determining the presence, absence, quantity and/or identity of the analyte from the EIS measurement;
wherein the analyte comprises nucleic acid;
and wherein the quantity of analyte in the sample when the sample is taken is substantially the same as the quantity of analyte in the sample when the sample is subjected to the EIS measurement.

Non-enzymatic approaches to measuring glucose are based on the direct oxidation of glucose using unmodified copper metal electrodes. A potential is applied to a copper measurement/working electrode, which potential is monitored by a separate reference electrode and the current within the system is balanced with a counter electrode. The presence of the ionized glucose in the sample can then be determined electrochemically. Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and test systems which utilise this novel approach.

A device for retaining a biological sample, for measuring a concentration of a SARS-CoV2 specific antigen, with SARS-CoV2 antigen-specific and electrochemically active immunoreceptor that is conjugated with an electrochemically active substance and optionally including an electrode reactivity enhancement agent and antibody stabilization agent. The immunoreceptor is configured to be in chemical contact with electrodes and a biological sample with SARS-CoV2 specific antigen of the device. The present invention also provides a device holder for holding the device of the present invention and a point-of-care biosensor. A method for measuring a concentration of SARS-CoV2 specific antigen from a reduced volume of biological sample is also provided in the presence of the antigen-specific and electrochemically active immunoreceptor, by measuring a peak value of redox current of the SARS-CoV2 antigen-specific and electrochemically active immunoreceptor and determining a concentration of SARS-CoV2 specific antigen in the biological sample, by linearly matching with a corresponding reference redox current.